venture-deals
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风险投资交易(Brad Feld)——Term Sheet 条款与交易结构:经济因素条款(估值/清算优先权/期权池/反稀释)、控制因素条款(董事会/保护条款/领售权)、谈判策略(关键条款法)。MUST BE USED 当设计交易结构/评估条款清单/谈判准备/估值口径确认时。
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风险投资交易 · 条款与谈判框架
来源:2026-08-18 完成 6 单元精读(13 章)。本 skill = deal-negotiator 的知识底座 + Term Sheet 全条款工具。
核心框架
① E/C 二元分类(TS 思维地图)
经济因素(投资人从清算事件获得的收益)+ 控制因素(监管投资的机制)——VC 只关注两件事 条款分类:E 主导谈数字 / C 主导谈权力 / E&C 双性拆开谈
② 估值两大陷阱(第四章)
- Pre/Post 模糊:"估值 2000 万投 500 万"——VC 通常指 post(25%),创业者可能理解 pre(20%)
- 期权池付费方:融资前扩大期权池,成本由创始人承担(稀释创始人不是 VC) 精确表述完全体:"投后完全稀释估值 X 万(含 Y% 期权池),拟投 Z 万,占 N%(稀释另计/已含)"
③ 关键条款五清单(第九章,寸步不让)
估值 / 期权池 / 清算优先权 / 董事会 / 投票控制 非关键条款(退十步):登记权 / 转让条款("不值得花时间和金钱")
④ 经济条款全清单
估值(价格)· 清算优先权(liquidation preference)· pay-to-play · vesting(股份兑现)· 反稀释 · 分红 · 赎回权
⑤ 控制条款
董事会(2:2:1 平衡结构;表决规则:一人一票 vs 股份比例)· 保护条款(重大事项同意权)· 领售权(drag-along,双刃剑)· 转换权
⑥ 谈判三要点(第九章)
有利公平的结果 / 不伤个人关系(融资成功只是万里长征第一步)/ 深理解交易 "你永远不能在条款上赚到钱"——精力是弹药 最大的错误是缺乏准备:计划(目标/让步项/底线);谈判前研究对手(基金结构/动机压力)
⑦ 其他
资本结构表(cap table:融资前后股权归属)· 融资正道(不要求 NDA/不群发邮件)· IP 法律问题(可扼杀企业)
章节目录(chapters/)
| 章节 | 内容 |
| ch01 | 玩家 + 条款清单概述(E/C 框架) |
| ch02 | 经济条款:估值陷阱/期权池 |
| ch03 | 控制条款:董事会/保护/领售 |
| ch04 | 资本结构表 + 基金运作 + 谈判技巧 |
| ch05 | 融资正道 + 法律问题 |
使用提示
- 郑宗良预研:估值表述完全体模板;A 轮董事会 2:2:1(独立席=技术经理人型);关键条款五清单
- 与 vault 概念页联动:[[概念:经济条款]] [[概念:控制条款]] [[概念:谈判策略]]
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