Energy Systems and Electrification

When to use this

• Balance competing electrical, shaft-work, or thermal-utility producers and consumers.
• Couple process equipment to an energy bus when power allocation changes process operation.
• Compare power-from-shore, gas-turbine generation, steam, wind, solar, fuel-cell, or hybrid supply cases.
• Connect electric, gas-turbine, or steam-turbine drivers to a compressor or other shaft load.
• Evaluate gas-turbine site derating, degradation, water-wash economics, fleet dispatch, or late-life retrofit.
• Run interval profiles for generation, demand, cost, emissions, unmet load, or curtailment.

Use neqsim-power-generation for thermodynamic turbine/HRSG/combined-cycle construction. This skill covers the energy bus and electrification layer those equipment recipes do not cover. It complements neqsim-compressor-antisurge-recycle: use that skill for compressor protection and recycle power penalties, and this one for source/driver selection and facility energy dispatch.

Class map

For a dedicated common-shaft compressor supply, select CompressorPowerTrain (directDrive, electricDrive, gasElectricDrive) and attach it through CompressorShaft.setPowerTrain. Follow the matching and evidence guide. Power-train and turbine connections are live references. Preserve their identities for blackout, trip and derating updates; serialize the connected graph together and do not evaluate shared mutable equipment concurrently. Include gearbox loss once, motor/VFD and generator losses, and electrical auxiliary demand. Zero setElectricalSupplyLimitW means blackout. Inspect getPowerTrainResult for required versus delivered power, shortfall, fuel, CO2 and feasibility. The adapter does not allocate energy ports; retain CoupledProcessEnergySolver for shared generation/dispatch and a real splitter/recycle for process fuel extraction.

Energy-system data flow

• Bus balance: producer/consumer ports publish signed power -> dispatch strategy allocates supply -> EnergyNetworkReport records served demand, unmet demand, curtailment, losses, and emissions/cost metadata.
• Process coupling: process equipment requests power -> CoupledProcessEnergySolver dispatches its buses and reruns the process -> convergence result reports process and power residuals. Use this only when the process response feeds back on demand.
• Electrification: simulated shaft demand -> motor/drive conversion and bus request -> grid or hybrid supply -> unmet load and fuel/emissions comparison. Keep site grid intensity and availability as explicit inputs.
• Hybrid supply and time series: wind/solar/weather and gas-turbine availability -> interval dispatch -> MWh, curtailment, fuel/cost, and CO2 totals.
• GT health/dispatch: measured or declared fired hours and wash effectiveness -> performance-map correction -> feasible fleet dispatch -> fuel/carbon cost or retrofit comparison.

Practical study sequence

1. Freeze the load basis: process shaft power, electrical auxiliaries, utility heat, operating hours, and the time interval represented by each sample.
2. Choose a balance-only EnergyBus for a fixed snapshot; use CoupledProcessEnergySolver when process recalculation changes the requested power.
3. For a real turbine driver, use a vendor-rated performance model for fuel matching or a catalog GasTurbineUnit for site correction, compressor loads, and fleet dispatch.
4. For electrification, state imported-grid emissions intensity and availability explicitly; compare the released fuel gas separately from the grid CO2 result.
5. For intermittent supply, pass a time-aligned wind/load profile to EnergyTimeSeriesSimulator or the applicable offshore dispatch model; report unmet and curtailed energy as well as totals.
6. For a wash or retrofit decision, vary outage hours, recovery, fired-hour deterioration, fuel price, and CO2 schedule. Keep each economic assumption visible.
7. Inspect participant allocations as well as net bus power; an aggregate balance can hide an individual curtailed load.
8. Keep shaft power, electrical input power, and fuel thermal power on separate bases when calculating conversion loss or emissions.

Do not compare a one-hour peak load with annual-average renewable output. Preserve interval durations and include the partial final interval in energy integration.

Build pattern

This minimal Java example is a bus-level balance. Contributions are signed watts: generation is positive and consumption is negative. Use connected EnergyPorts plus EnergyNetworkSolver or CoupledProcessEnergySolver when the contributions must be produced by live process equipment.

EnergyBus grid = new EnergyBus("shore power", EnergyType.ELECTRICAL);
grid.setContribution("wind", 2.0e6);
grid.setContribution("process load", -1.5e6);
EnergyNetworkReport report = grid.solveBalance();

double servedDemandW = report.getServedDemand();
double unmetDemandW = report.getUnmetDemand();
double curtailedSupplyW = report.getCurtailedSupply();

Equivalent Python class lookup:

from neqsim import jneqsim

EnergyBus = jneqsim.process.equipment.stream.EnergyBus
EnergyType = jneqsim.process.equipment.stream.EnergyType

grid = EnergyBus("shore power", EnergyType.ELECTRICAL)
grid.setContribution("wind", 2.0e6)
grid.setContribution("process load", -1.5e6)
report = grid.solveBalance()
served_demand_w = report.getServedDemand()
unmet_demand_w = report.getUnmetDemand()
curtailed_supply_w = report.getCurtailedSupply()

For process feedback, create CoupledProcessEnergySolver(process), call addEnergyBus(bus), then solve(). Check result.isConverged() and result.getTerminationReason(); a normal ProcessSystem.run() is not a substitute for the coupled solve when equipment load depends on its dispatched allocation.

Result extraction

• EnergyNetworkReport.getOfferedSupply, getAcceptedSupply, getRequestedDemand, getServedDemand, getUnmetDemand, and getCurtailedSupply are W. EnergyBus.setContribution(participant, power, unit) converts a supplied unit to W.
• CoupledProcessEnergyResult.getIterations, getMaximumPowerResidual, getMaximumProcessResidual, and getTerminationReason are solver diagnostics; compare residuals with configured tolerances.
• EnergyTimeSeriesResult.getServedEnergyMWh, getUnmetEnergyMWh, and getCurtailedEnergyMWh are MWh; getCo2EmissionsKg is kg. getOperatingCost uses the energy-price inputs supplied to the ports.
• GasTurbineUnit.getAvailablePowerW() is W, getLoadFraction() is dimensionless, and getCO2EmissionKgPerS() is kg/s.
• GasTurbineWashPlanner.WashPlan reports annual fuel volume, extra CO2 tonnes, costs, and wash interval; TurbineDispatchOptimizer.dispatch accepts demanded power in W.
• SteamTurbine.getPower("kW") accepts a power unit. WindFarm.getPower("kW") accepts a power unit; its no-argument getPower() is documented as W.

Gotchas

• Contribution sign matters: positive injects power, negative withdraws. EnergyBus values are W by default; do not pass kW without the overload's unit argument.
• A bus with no registered/connected ports may have a valid arithmetic balance but no process coupling. EnergyNetworkSolver.validateSetup() reports “No energy buses are configured” with “Call addEnergyBus(bus)” and warns when a bus has no connected ports.
• EnergyConverter.validateSetup() asks for a connected input port and recommends connecting an input energy stream; the output port is a warning. MotorDriveTrain.validateSetup() separately requires the motor/bus, shaft, and driven equipment connections.
• A UtilityEnergyBus needs a matching utility level and physically feasible supply/return enthalpy/temperature grade. A generic electrical bus is not a thermal utility substitute.
• Ambient turbine temperature is K and ambient pressure is bara. Keep GT load demand in W; label vendor and fuel data separately from catalog defaults.
• Site rating, exhaust-temperature limit, WHRU duty and an electric/shore/bottoming dispatch against ambient: GasTurbineUnit.getAvailablePowerAtAmbient, GasTurbinePerformanceMap.setSiteRatingFromPowerPoints, PlatformPowerSystem.evaluate (section "Site rating, exhaust limit and waste heat" in neqsim-power-generation); gas-turbine/motor drivers limiting compressors on a common shaft: CompressorShaft (see neqsim-rotating-equipment-design).
• Wash optimization is only as credible as the measured degradation trend, wash recovery, outage/deferment, fuel value, and carbon-price inputs. A wash interval at a search bound is not proof of a global optimum.
• These classes do not perform AC load-flow, grid stability/protection studies, power-quality certification, or project sanction economics. Hybrid dispatch and CO2 savings are screening evidence, not a grid connection design.
• Electrode-boiler displacement: avoided electricity is heat / efficiency (about 0.99), and CO2 saved is that electricity times the grid factor. On a Power-from-Shore platform the average factor (20-25 g/kWh) makes platform CO2 small while the marginal factor (about 300 g/kWh) makes it large; report both and the NOK per tonne on each basis. The measured waste-heat-unit duty is not the electric-boiler duty - get the boiler power history before valuing displaced electricity. Worked pattern (hot-end exhaust coil on a gas turbine, steam-turbine loss while the OTSG is in service): neqsim-power-generation, section "Added exhaust heat recovery for a heating-medium (HM) circuit".

Validation / benchmarks

• OffshoreEnergyReferenceCase.run24HourCase() provides a reproducible reference time-series case; compare totals via its associated helper methods rather than treating one illustrative profile as site data.
• Regression coverage includes UtilityEnergyNetworkTest, CoupledProcessEnergySolverTest, EnergyTimeSeriesSimulatorTest, EnergyNetworkDynamicsTest, ElectricMotorPerformanceIntegrationTest, and OffshoreEnergyReferenceCaseTest.
• Check power closure per bus, convergence reason/residuals for coupled solves, duration including a partial final interval, and energy integration in MWh. Cross-check GT availability and emissions against declared ratings/fuel composition.
• The neqsim-power-generation examples remain the route for detailed GT/steam-cycle thermodynamics, HRSG heat recovery, and combined-cycle process integration.

Related skills

• neqsim-power-generation — GT, steam turbine, HRSG, combined cycle, and thermodynamic generation models.
• neqsim-compressor-antisurge-recycle — compressor surge protection and recycle power penalties.
• neqsim-utility-design and neqsim-utilities-specification — utility duties, levels, and design basis.
• neqsim-heat-integration — process heat recovery and utility targeting.
• neqsim-field-economics — project NPV and fiscal economics beyond dispatch cost.
• neqsim-process-modeling — process equipment and flowsheet assembly.