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windows-dev-environment

Skill0 starsChanged 3 months agoMITView on GitHub

Windows 开发环境验证:VS Code 扩展、编译器、PATH 一站式排查。

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SKILL.md

Windows 开发环境验证

一站式检查 Windows 上 VS Code + 编译器 + 解释器的配置状态。

环境速查

  • GCC:D:\sofeware\mingw64\bin\(MinGW-W64 16.1)
  • JDK:D:\sofeware\java\(OpenJDK 21)
  • Python:D:\sofeware\python\cpython-3.11-windows-x86_64-none\
  • VS Code:D:\sofeware\Microsoft VS Code\bin\code
  • VS Code extensions dir:C:\Users\28672\.vscode\extensions\
  • VS Code settings:C:\Users\28672\AppData\Roaming\Code\User\settings.json

验证四步法

1. 扩展检查

"/d/sofeware/Microsoft VS Code/bin/code" --list-extensions 2>/dev/null

必需扩展:

  • C/C++:ms-vscode.cpptools
  • Python:ms-python.python + ms-python.debugpy
  • Java:redhat.java + vscjava 系列(pack/debug/test/dependency/gradle/maven)

2. 编译器可用性

gcc --version    # GCC
javac --version  # JDK
$PYTHON --version  # Python(用绝对路径,不等 PATH)

3. 环境变量检查

echo "$JAVA_HOME"
echo "$PATH" | tr ':' '\n' | grep -iE "mingw|java|python|gcc"
which python    # 重点:是否指向 WindowsApps 占位符

4. settings.json

cat "/c/Users/28672/AppData/Roaming/Code/User/settings.json"

正常情况是 {}——VS Code 扩展在打开项目时动态检测编译器,不预填 settings.json。有手动配置才需要写。

Pitfall:Python PATH 被 Windows Store 占位符遮蔽

症状:VS Code Python 扩展找不到解释器,但 Python 3.11 已装在 D 盘。

根因:Windows 10/11 的 C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\python.exe 是个占位符——执行后会弹出商店页面让你安装 Python。这个路径在系统 PATH 里排在用户 PATH 前面,遮蔽了真实 Python。

诊断:

which python
# 输出 /c/Users/28672/AppData/Local/Microsoft/WindowsApps/python ← 中招了

修复:

setx PATH "D:\sofeware\python\cpython-3.11-windows-x86_64-none;%PATH%"

把真实 Python 路径加到 PATH 最前面。

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