openclaw-windows
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OpenClaw 在 Windows 上的安装、运行、故障排查
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OpenClaw Windows 部署与运维
概述
OpenClaw 是多通道 AI 网关。Windows 下通过 npm 安装,入口脚本有 .cmd(CMD)、.ps1(PowerShell)、无扩展名(bash)三种。
当前版本:2026.6.11,安装路径:D:\openclaw,状态目录:~/.openclaw/。
启动方式
| 命令 | 效果 |
openclaw(无参数) | 进入 Crestodian 维护/体检模式 |
openclaw chat | 进入正常 AI 对话 TUI |
openclaw doctor | 运行健康检查 |
openclaw doctor --fix | 自动修复检测到的问题 |
openclaw gateway install --force | 重装 Gateway 服务(修复路径变更) |
关键:用户想要正常聊天必须用 openclaw chat,直接 openclaw 进的是维护模式!
安装后常见问题
1. PowerShell 中 openclaw 报"无法识别此脚本"
根因是 PowerShell 按 ps1 → cmd → 无扩展名 顺序查找可执行文件。如果目录里同时存在 openclaw(bash脚本)和 openclaw.ps1,PowerShell 会优先匹配它们而非 .cmd。
修复步骤:
# 删除 bash 脚本(Windows 不需要)
rm /d/openclaw/openclaw
# 删除 ps1(避免执行策略拦截)
rm /d/openclaw/openclaw.ps1
# 确保 D:\openclaw 在 PATH 最前面2. 旧 npm 全局版本冲突
如果之前通过 npm install -g openclaw 安装过,C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\npm\ 下有残留。
# 卸载旧版
npm uninstall -g openclaw
# 手动清理残留
rm -f "$HOME/AppData/Roaming/npm/openclaw"*
rm -rf "$HOME/AppData/Roaming/npm/node_modules/.openclaw-*"3. Gateway 服务指向旧路径
如果 OpenClaw 从 C 盘迁移到 D 盘,Gateway 的 Windows 计划任务仍指向旧路径。
cd /d/openclaw && ./openclaw.cmd gateway install --force4. 过期会话缓存
~/.openclaw/agents/main/sessions/ 下的会话元数据可能缓存旧安装路径的技能引用。
rm -rf "$HOME/.openclaw/agents/main/sessions/"目录结构
| 路径 | 用途 |
D:\openclaw\ | 程序本体 |
D:\openclaw\node_modules\openclaw\ | npm 包 |
D:\openclaw\openclaw.cmd | Windows 入口 |
~/.openclaw\openclaw.json | 用户配置(模型、agent 等) |
~/.openclaw\agents\ | agent 会话与状态 |
~/.openclaw\skills\ | 用户技能 |
配置文件合并
OpenClaw 有两层配置,启动时合并:
| 文件 | 用途 |
D:\openclaw\openclaw.json | 安装时自带的默认配置(含 bailian-payg 等内置 provider) |
~/.openclaw\openclaw.json | 用户自定义配置(优先级更高) |
关键:如果用户配置指定了 bailian-payg/qwen3.7-plus 作为主模型,但 bailian-payg provider 只在安装配置中定义,API key 来自安装配置而非用户自己的 key。需要手动同步 API key:
# 把 Hermes 的百炼 key 写到安装配置的 bailian-payg
import json
with open(r"D:\openclaw\openclaw.json", 'r') as f:
config = json.load(f)
config['models']['providers']['bailian-payg']['apiKey'] = 'sk-xxx'
with open(r"D:\openclaw\openclaw.json", 'w') as f:
json.dump(config, f, indent=2)Provider 连通性验证
改完 key 后先用 curl 验证 API 能用,再起 OpenClaw:
curl -s --max-time 10 \
https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions \
-H "Authorization: Bearer sk-xxx" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"model":"qwen3.7-plus","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}],"max_tokens":10}'配置生效
改完配置后必须重启 Gateway。如果 openclaw gateway restart 超时(常见),直接杀进程:
# 杀掉所有 OpenClaw 相关 node 进程
taskkill //F //FI "WINDOWTITLE eq *openclaw*"
# 然后重新启动
openclaw chat常见故障速查
| 症状 | 根因 | 修复 |
无法加载文件 ...ps1 | PowerShell 执行策略 | rm /d/openclaw/openclaw.ps1 |
无法识别此脚本 | bash 脚本挡在 cmd 前面 | rm /d/openclaw/openclaw |
Cannot find module C:\Users\...\npm\... | 旧 npm 全局版残留 | npm uninstall -g openclaw + 手动清残留 |
auth or provider access failed | API key 不对或 endpoint 不通 | curl 验证 key + 检查 provider 配置 |
The agent run failed before producing a reply | Gateway 缓存旧配置 | 杀进程重启 |
doctor --fix 超时 | doctor 检查项太多 | 找到具体问题手动修,不要全量 --fix |
注意事项
- 不要用
npm install -g openclaw全局安装,用本地D:\openclaw目录安装避免路径冲突 - PowerShell 下永远删掉
.ps1和无扩展名 bash 脚本,只留.cmd - Crestodian 是维护 agent,只能回答配置/健康检查相关问题,不能正常聊天
bailian-coding-plan用的是 Coding Plan 端点(anthropic-messages 协议),需单独开通,不通时切到bailian-payg- 安装配置和用户配置的 API key 可能不同,改模型时务必确认用的是正确的 key
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