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ThrookieThrookie/claude-code-skills/skills/web-fetch/SKILL.md

web-fetch

Skill1 starsChanged 8 months agoMITView on GitHub

万能网页抓取工具,支持多种策略绕过反爬虫检测。触发词:抓取网页、获取网页内容、scrape。

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SKILL.md

Web Fetch - 万能网页抓取工具

版本: v1.0 创建日期: 2026-03-15

核心优势: 多策略自动切换,从轻量到重量级,智能选择最优方案


📋 概述

统一网页抓取工具,支持 4 种抓取策略:

方法速度适用场景反爬虫绕过
curl⚡ 最快静态 HTML❌ 无
agent-browser🚀 快动态 SPA✅ 中等
browser-use🐢 中复杂交互✅ 强
playwright🐌 慢强反爬虫✅✅ 最强

自动模式: 从 curl 开始,失败后自动尝试更强的方法


🚀 快速开始

# 基础使用(自动模式)
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://example.com"

# 指定方法
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://example.com" --method browser-use

# 带截图
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://example.com" --screenshot out.png

# JSON 输出
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://example.com" --json

📤 命令参数

参数说明默认值
--method METHOD抓取方法:auto, curl, playwright, allauto
--timeout MS超时时间(毫秒)30000
--retry / --no-retry是否启用重试true
--output FILE保存内容到文件-
--screenshot FILE保存截图-
--wait N等待 N 秒后获取0
--ua UA自定义 User-Agent随机
--jsonJSON 输出格式false
--stats显示统计报告false

📚 使用示例

1. 快速抓取静态页面

# 获取 GitHub README
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code"

# 获取新闻文章
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://example.com/article/123" --output article.html

2. 动态 SPA 页面

# React/Vue 应用,等待 3 秒让 JS 执行
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://app.example.com" --wait 3 --method playwright

3. 带截图

# 获取页面并截图
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://example.com" --screenshot page.png

4. 绕过反爬虫

# 强反爬虫网站,使用 Playwright
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://protected-site.com" --method playwright

# 或者使用 browser-use(带浏览器指纹)
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://cloudflare-protected.com" --method browser-use

5. JSON 输出(便于程序处理)

node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://api.example.com" --json | jq '.content'

🏗️ 架构设计

方法选择流程

用户请求
    ↓
auto 模式?
    ├─ 是 → 尝试 curl → 失败 → playwright
    └─ 否 → 直接使用指定方法
    ↓
获取成功?
    ├─ 是 → 输出结果
    └─ 否 → 重试(最多 3 次,指数退避)

方法对比

Curl

# 优点
✅ 最快(~1 秒)
✅ 无需浏览器
✅ 低资源占用

# 缺点
❌ 无法执行 JS
❌ 无法绕过反爬虫

Playwright

# 优点
✅ 最强反爬虫绕过
✅ 完整浏览器功能
✅ Stealth 模式隐藏特征

# 缺点
❌ 最慢(~10-20 秒)
❌ 需要安装 playwright

⚙️ 配置选项

环境变量

# 设置默认 User-Agent
export WEB_FETCH_UA="Mozilla/5.0 ..."

# 设置默认超时
export WEB_FETCH_TIMEOUT=60000

# 设置默认方法
export WEB_FETCH_METHOD=browser-use

Cookies 管理

# Cookies 自动保存在 cookies.txt
# 多次请求会自动复用登录状态

🧪 测试

# 测试 curl 方法
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://example.com" --method curl

# 测试 agent-browser
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://example.com" --method agent-browser

# 测试 browser-use
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://example.com" --method browser-use

# 测试 playwright
node ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/scripts/fetch-page.mjs "https://example.com" --method playwright

🐛 故障排查

问题 1:所有方法都失败

# 检查网络连接
curl -I https://example.com

# 检查是否被防火墙阻挡
ping example.com

# 尝试更换 User-Agent
node fetch-page.mjs "url" --ua "Mozilla/5.0 ..."

问题 2:内容为空

# 可能是动态内容,增加等待时间
node fetch-page.mjs "url" --wait 5

# 或者使用浏览器方法
node fetch-page.mjs "url" --method browser-use

问题 3:反爬虫检测

# 使用最强方法
node fetch-page.mjs "url" --method playwright

# 或者使用 browser-use 的 real 浏览器模式
browser-use --browser real open "url"

问题 4:需要登录

# 方法 1:先手动登录,保存 cookies
browser-use --browser real open "https://example.com/login"
# ... 手动登录 ...
browser-use cookies export cookies.json

# 方法 2:使用 browser-use 的 profile
browser-use --browser real --profile "Default" open "https://example.com"

📊 输出格式

标准输出

## 网页内容

**URL**: https://example.com
**标题**: Example Domain
**方法**: curl
**耗时**: 1.23s

---

[网页 HTML 内容]

JSON 输出

{
  "success": true,
  "url": "https://example.com",
  "title": "Example Domain",
  "method": "curl",
  "content": "<html>...",
  "elapsed": 1234
}

🔧 依赖安装

# 基础依赖(curl 方法)
sudo pacman -S curl

# playwright 方法
cd ~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch
npm install playwright puppeteer-extra puppeteer-extra-plugin-stealth
npx playwright install chromium

📈 性能对比

方法平均耗时成功率资源占用
curl~1s60%低
playwright~5-30s95%高

📝 完成标准

触发此 skill 时,任务完成必须满足:

  • 网页内容已成功获取
  • 输出包含 URL、标题、方法、耗时
  • 失败时提供明确的错误信息和建议
  • auto 模式已尝试 curl 和 playwright 至少一种方法

📚 参考资源


最后更新:2026-03-15 | 维护:~/src/user-scripts/skills/web-fetch/

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