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arch-linux

Skill1 starsChanged 8 months agoMITView on GitHub

Arch Linux 系统特性(PEP 668、AUR Helpers)

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SKILL.md

Arch Linux 系统特性

Python 包管理

PEP 668 限制

Arch Linux 从 2023 年开始实施 PEP 668,禁止直接用 pip 安装到系统 Python:

# ❌ 会报错:externally-managed-environment
pip install --user xxx

# ✅ 方案一:虚拟环境(推荐)
python -m venv .venv
.venv/bin/pip install xxx

# ✅ 方案二:AUR 包
paru -S python-xxx

# ⚠️ 方案三:强制安装(不推荐,可能破坏系统)
pip install --break-system-packages xxx

检查已安装的包

# 系统 Python 包
pacman -Qs python-xxx

# pip 包(如果有的话)
pip list --user

AUR Helpers

# 检查是否有 AUR helper
which yay paru

# 搜索 AUR 包
paru -Ss xxx

# 安装 AUR 包
paru -S xxx

系统信息

# 检查发行版
cat /etc/os-release

# 检查内核版本
uname -r

# 检查 GPU
nvidia-smi 2>/dev/null || lspci | grep -i vga

常见陷阱

问题原因解决方案
pip install 报错PEP 668使用 venv 或 AUR
某些包找不到不在官方仓库搜索 AUR
内核模块问题内核更新未重启重启或重新加载模块

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