PPTX creation, editing, and analysis

Overview

Create, edit, or analyze the contents of .pptx files when requested. A .pptx file is essentially a ZIP archive containing XML files and other resources. Different tools and workflows are available for different tasks.

CRITICAL: Read All Documentation First

Before starting any presentation task, read ALL relevant documentation files completely to understand the full workflow:

1. For creating new presentations: Read html2pptx.md and css.md in their entirety
2. For editing existing presentations: Read ooxml.md in its entirety
3. For template-based creation: Read the relevant sections of this file plus css.md

NEVER set any range limits when reading these files. Understanding the complete workflow, constraints, and best practices before starting is essential for producing high-quality presentations. Partial knowledge leads to errors, inconsistent styling, and visual defects that require rework.

Reading and analyzing content

Text extraction

To read just the text content of a presentation, convert the document to markdown:

# Convert document to markdown
python -m markitdown path-to-file.pptx

Raw XML access

Use raw XML access for: comments, speaker notes, slide layouts, animations, design elements, and complex formatting. To access these features, unpack a presentation and read its raw XML contents.

Unpacking a file

python ooxml/scripts/unpack.py <office_file> <output_dir>

Note: The unpack.py script is located at skills/public/pptx/ooxml/scripts/unpack.py relative to the project root. If the script doesn't exist at this path, use find . -name "unpack.py" to locate it.

Key file structures

• ppt/presentation.xml - Main presentation metadata and slide references
• ppt/slides/slide{N}.xml - Individual slide contents (slide1.xml, slide2.xml, etc.)
• ppt/notesSlides/notesSlide{N}.xml - Speaker notes for each slide
• ppt/comments/modernComment_*.xml - Comments for specific slides
• ppt/slideLayouts/ - Layout templates for slides
• ppt/slideMasters/ - Master slide templates
• ppt/theme/ - Theme and styling information
• ppt/media/ - Images and other media files

Typography and color extraction

To emulate example designs, analyze the presentation's typography and colors first using the methods below:

1. Read theme file: Check ppt/theme/theme1.xml for colors (<a:clrScheme>) and fonts (<a:fontScheme>)
2. Sample slide content: Examine ppt/slides/slide1.xml for actual font usage (<a:rPr>) and colors
3. Search for patterns: Use grep to find color (<a:solidFill>, <a:srgbClr>) and font references across all XML files

Creating a new PowerPoint presentation without a template

When creating a new PowerPoint presentation from scratch, use the html2pptx workflow to convert HTML slides to PowerPoint with accurate positioning.

Workflow

1. Read documentation: Read html2pptx.md and css.md completely (see "CRITICAL: Read All Documentation First" section above)
2. PREREQUISITE - Extract html2pptx library:
   • Extract the library next to your script: mkdir -p html2pptx && tar -xzf skills/public/pptx/html2pptx.tgz -C html2pptx
   • This creates a html2pptx/ directory with the library files and CLI binaries
3. Plan the presentation: Follow html2pptx.md "Design Philosophy" section for:
   • Aesthetic direction and bold design choices
   • Color palette selection (see "Creating your color palette")
   • Typography strategy
   • Write DETAILED outline with slide layouts and presenter notes (1-3 sentences per slide)
4. Set CSS variables: Override CSS variables in a shared .css file for colors, typography, and spacing (see css.md "Design System Variables")
5. Create HTML slides (960px × 540px for 16:9): Follow html2pptx.md for:
   • Slide layout zones (title, content, footnote)
   • Critical text rules (proper HTML tags)
   • Supported elements and styling

6. Create and run a JavaScript file using the html2pptx library to convert HTML slides to PowerPoint and save the presentation

   • Run with: NODE_PATH="$(npm root -g)" node your-script.js 2>&1
   • Use the html2pptx function to process each HTML file
   • Add charts and tables to placeholder areas using PptxGenJS API
   • Save the presentation using pptx.writeFile()
   • ⚠️ CRITICAL: Your script MUST follow this example structure. Think aloud before writing the script to make sure that you correctly use the APIs. Do NOT call pptx.addSlide.

   const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");
   const { html2pptx } = require("./html2pptx");
   
   // Create a new pptx presentation
   const pptx = new pptxgen();
   pptx.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9"; // Must match HTML body dimensions
   
   // Add an HTML-only slide
   await html2pptx("slide1.html", pptx);
   
   // Add a HTML slide with chart placeholders
   const { slide: slide2, placeholders } = await html2pptx("slide2.html", pptx);
   slide.addChart(pptx.charts.LINE, chartData, placeholders[0]);
   
   // Save the presentation
   await pptx.writeFile("output.pptx");

7. Visual validation: Convert to images and inspect for layout issues
   • Convert PPTX to PDF first: soffice --headless --convert-to pdf output.pptx
   • Then convert PDF to images: pdftoppm -jpeg -r 150 output.pdf slide
     • This creates files like slide-1.jpg, slide-2.jpg, etc.
   • Read each generated image file and carefully examine for:
     • Text cutoff: Text being cut off by header bars, shapes, or slide edges
     • Text overlap: Text overlapping with other text or shapes
     • Positioning issues: Content too close to slide boundaries or other elements
     • Contrast issues: Insufficient contrast between text and backgrounds
     • Alignment problems: Elements not properly aligned with each other
     • Visual hierarchy: Important content properly emphasized
   • CRITICAL: All slides MUST pass these validation checks before delivering to the user. Do not skip this step or deliver presentations with visual defects.
   • If issues found, fix them in the following order of priority:
     1. Increase margins - Add more padding/spacing around problematic elements
     2. Adjust font size - Reduce text size to fit within available space
     3. Rethink the layout entirely - If the above fixes don't work, redesign the slide layout
   • Regenerate the presentation after making changes
   • Repeat until all slides are visually correct

Editing an existing PowerPoint presentation

To edit slides in an existing PowerPoint presentation, work with the raw Office Open XML (OOXML) format. This involves unpacking the .pptx file, editing the XML content, and repacking it.

Workflow

1. Read documentation: Read ooxml.md completely (see "CRITICAL: Read All Documentation First" section above)
2. Unpack the presentation: python ooxml/scripts/unpack.py <office_file> <output_dir>
3. Edit the XML files (primarily ppt/slides/slide{N}.xml and related files)
4. CRITICAL: Validate immediately after each edit: python ooxml/scripts/validate.py <dir> --original <file>
5. Pack the final presentation: python ooxml/scripts/pack.py <input_directory> <office_file>

Creating a new PowerPoint presentation using a template

To create a presentation that follows an existing template's design, duplicate and re-arrange template slides before replacing placeholder content.

Workflow

1. Extract template text AND create visual thumbnail grid:

   • Extract text: python -m markitdown template.pptx > template-content.md
   • Read template-content.md completely to understand the template contents
   • Create thumbnail grids: python scripts/thumbnail.py template.pptx
   • See Creating Thumbnail Grids section for more details

2. Analyze template and save inventory to a file:

   • Visual Analysis: Review thumbnail grid(s) to understand slide layouts, design patterns, and visual structure

   • Create and save a template inventory file at template-inventory.md containing:

     # Template Inventory Analysis
     
     **Total Slides: [count]**
     **IMPORTANT: Slides are 0-indexed (first slide = 0, last slide = count-1)**
     
     ## [Category Name]
     
     - Slide 0: [Layout code if available] - Description/purpose
     - Slide 1: [Layout code] - Description/purpose
     - Slide 2: [Layout code] - Description/purpose
       [... EVERY slide must be listed individually with its index ...]

   • Using the thumbnail grid: Reference the visual thumbnails to identify:
     • Layout patterns (title slides, content layouts, section dividers)
     • Image placeholder locations and counts
     • Design consistency across slide groups
     • Visual hierarchy and structure
   • This inventory file is REQUIRED for selecting appropriate templates in the next step

3. Create presentation outline based on template inventory:

   • Review available templates from step 2.
   • Choose an intro or title template for the first slide. This should be one of the first templates.
   • Choose safe, text-based layouts for the other slides.
   • CRITICAL: Match layout structure to actual content:
     • Single-column layouts: Use for unified narrative or single topic
     • Two-column layouts: Use ONLY when there are exactly 2 distinct items/concepts
     • Three-column layouts: Use ONLY when there are exactly 3 distinct items/concepts
     • Image + text layouts: Use ONLY when there are actual images to insert
     • Quote layouts: Use ONLY for actual quotes from people (with attribution), never for emphasis
     • Never use layouts with more placeholders than available content
     • With 2 items, avoid forcing them into a 3-column layout
     • With 4+ items, consider breaking into multiple slides or using a list format
   • Count actual content pieces BEFORE selecting the layout
   • Verify each placeholder in the chosen layout will be filled with meaningful content
   • Select one option representing the best layout for each content section.
   • Save outline.md with content AND template mapping that leverages available designs
   • Example template mapping:

     # Template slides to use (0-based indexing)
     # WARNING: Verify indices are within range! Template with 73 slides has indices 0-72
     # Mapping: slide numbers from outline -> template slide indices
     template_mapping = [
         0,   # Use slide 0 (Title/Cover)
         34,  # Use slide 34 (B1: Title and body)
         34,  # Use slide 34 again (duplicate for second B1)
         50,  # Use slide 50 (E1: Quote)
         54,  # Use slide 54 (F2: Closing + Text)
     ]

4. Duplicate, reorder, and delete slides using rearrange.py:

   • Use the scripts/rearrange.py script to create a new presentation with slides in the desired order:

     python scripts/rearrange.py template.pptx working.pptx 0,34,34,50,52

   • The script handles duplicating repeated slides, deleting unused slides, and reordering automatically
   • Slide indices are 0-based (first slide is 0, second is 1, etc.)
   • The same slide index can appear multiple times to duplicate that slide

5. Extract ALL text using the inventory.py script:

   • Run inventory extraction:

     python scripts/inventory.py working.pptx text-inventory.json

   • Read text-inventory.json completely to understand all shapes and their properties

   • The inventory JSON structure:

     {
       "slide-0": {
         "shape-0": {
           "placeholder_type": "TITLE", // or null for non-placeholders
           "left": 1.5, // position in inches
           "top": 2.0,
           "width": 7.5,
           "height": 1.2,
           "paragraphs": [
             {
               "text": "Paragraph text",
               // Optional properties (only included when non-default):
               "bullet": true, // explicit bullet detected
               "level": 0, // only included when bullet is true
               "alignment": "CENTER", // CENTER, RIGHT (not LEFT)
               "space_before": 10.0, // space before paragraph in points
               "space_after": 6.0, // space after paragraph in points
               "line_spacing": 22.4, // line spacing in points
               "font_name": "Arial", // from first run
               "font_size": 14.0, // in points
               "bold": true,
               "italic": false,
               "underline": false,
               "color": "FF0000" // RGB color
             }
           ]
         }
       }
     }

   • Key features:
     • Slides: Named as "slide-0", "slide-1", etc.
     • Shapes: Ordered by visual position (top-to-bottom, left-to-right) as "shape-0", "shape-1", etc.
     • Placeholder types: TITLE, CENTER_TITLE, SUBTITLE, BODY, OBJECT, or null
     • Default font size: default_font_size in points extracted from layout placeholders (when available)
     • Slide numbers are filtered: Shapes with SLIDE_NUMBER placeholder type are automatically excluded from inventory
     • Bullets: When bullet: true, level is always included (even if 0)
     • Spacing: space_before, space_after, and line_spacing in points (only included when set)
     • Colors: color for RGB (e.g., "FF0000"), theme_color for theme colors (e.g., "DARK_1")
     • Properties: Only non-default values are included in the output

6. Generate replacement text and save the data to a JSON file Based on the text inventory from the previous step:

   • CRITICAL: First verify which shapes exist in the inventory - only reference shapes that are actually present
   • VALIDATION: The replace.py script validates that all shapes in the replacement JSON exist in the inventory
     • Referencing a non-existent shape produces an error showing available shapes
     • Referencing a non-existent slide produces an error indicating the slide doesn't exist
     • All validation errors are shown at once before the script exits
   • IMPORTANT: The replace.py script uses inventory.py internally to identify ALL text shapes
   • AUTOMATIC CLEARING: ALL text shapes from the inventory are cleared unless "paragraphs" are provided for them
   • Add a "paragraphs" field to shapes that need content (not "replacement_paragraphs")
   • Shapes without "paragraphs" in the replacement JSON have their text cleared automatically
   • Paragraphs with bullets are automatically left aligned. Avoid setting the alignment property when "bullet": true
   • Generate appropriate replacement content for placeholder text
   • Use shape size to determine appropriate content length
   • CRITICAL: Include paragraph properties from the original inventory - don't just provide text
   • IMPORTANT: When bullet: true, do NOT include bullet symbols (•, -, *) in text - they're added automatically
   • ESSENTIAL FORMATTING RULES:
     • Headers/titles should typically have "bold": true
     • List items should have "bullet": true, "level": 0 (level is required when bullet is true)
     • Preserve any alignment properties (e.g., "alignment": "CENTER" for centered text)
     • Include font properties when different from default (e.g., "font_size": 14.0, "font_name": "Lora")
     • Colors: Use "color": "FF0000" for RGB or "theme_color": "DARK_1" for theme colors
     • The replacement script expects properly formatted paragraphs, not just text strings
     • Overlapping shapes: Prefer shapes with larger default_font_size or more appropriate placeholder_type
   • Save the updated inventory with replacements to replacement-text.json
   • WARNING: Different template layouts have different shape counts - always check the actual inventory before creating replacements

   Example paragraphs field showing proper formatting:

   "paragraphs": [
     {
       "text": "New presentation title text",
       "alignment": "CENTER",
       "bold": true
     },
     {
       "text": "Section Header",
       "bold": true
     },
     {
       "text": "First bullet point without bullet symbol",
       "bullet": true,
       "level": 0
     },
     {
       "text": "Red colored text",
       "color": "FF0000"
     },
     {
       "text": "Theme colored text",
       "theme_color": "DARK_1"
     },
     {
       "text": "Regular paragraph text without special formatting"
     }
   ]

   Shapes not listed in the replacement JSON are automatically cleared:

   {
     "slide-0": {
       "shape-0": {
         "paragraphs": [...] // This shape gets new text
       }
       // shape-1 and shape-2 from inventory will be cleared automatically
     }
   }

   Common formatting patterns for presentations:

   • Title slides: Bold text, sometimes centered
   • Section headers within slides: Bold text
   • Bullet lists: Each item needs "bullet": true, "level": 0
   • Body text: Usually no special properties needed
   • Quotes: May have special alignment or font properties

7. Apply replacements using the replace.py script

   python scripts/replace.py working.pptx replacement-text.json output.pptx

   The script will:

   • First extract the inventory of ALL text shapes using functions from inventory.py
   • Validate that all shapes in the replacement JSON exist in the inventory
   • Clear text from ALL shapes identified in the inventory
   • Apply new text only to shapes with "paragraphs" defined in the replacement JSON
   • Preserve formatting by applying paragraph properties from the JSON
   • Handle bullets, alignment, font properties, and colors automatically
   • Save the updated presentation

   Example validation errors:

   ERROR: Invalid shapes in replacement JSON:
     - Shape 'shape-99' not found on 'slide-0'. Available shapes: shape-0, shape-1, shape-4
     - Slide 'slide-999' not found in inventory

   ERROR: Replacement text made overflow worse in these shapes:
     - slide-0/shape-2: overflow worsened by 1.25" (was 0.00", now 1.25")

Creating Thumbnail Grids

To create visual thumbnail grids of PowerPoint slides for quick analysis and reference:

python scripts/thumbnail.py template.pptx [output_prefix]

Features:

• Creates: thumbnails.jpg (or thumbnails-1.jpg, thumbnails-2.jpg, etc. for large decks)
• Default: 5 columns, max 30 slides per grid (5×6)
• Custom prefix: python scripts/thumbnail.py template.pptx my-grid
  • Note: The output prefix should include the path if you want output in a specific directory (e.g., workspace/my-grid)
• Adjust columns: --cols 4 (range: 3-6, affects slides per grid)
• Grid limits: 3 cols = 12 slides/grid, 4 cols = 20, 5 cols = 30, 6 cols = 42
• Slides are zero-indexed (Slide 0, Slide 1, etc.)

Use cases:

• Template analysis: Quickly understand slide layouts and design patterns
• Content review: Visual overview of entire presentation
• Navigation reference: Find specific slides by their visual appearance
• Quality check: Verify all slides are properly formatted

Examples:

# Basic usage
python scripts/thumbnail.py presentation.pptx

# Combine options: custom name, columns
python scripts/thumbnail.py template.pptx analysis --cols 4

Converting Slides to Images

To visually analyze PowerPoint slides, convert them to images using a two-step process:

1. Convert PPTX to PDF:

   soffice --headless --convert-to pdf template.pptx

2. Convert PDF pages to JPEG images:

   pdftoppm -jpeg -r 150 template.pdf slide

   This creates files like slide-1.jpg, slide-2.jpg, etc.

Options:

• -r 150: Sets resolution to 150 DPI (adjust for quality/size balance)
• -jpeg: Output JPEG format (use -png for PNG if preferred)
• -f N: First page to convert (e.g., -f 2 starts from page 2)
• -l N: Last page to convert (e.g., -l 5 stops at page 5)
• slide: Prefix for output files

Example for specific range:

pdftoppm -jpeg -r 150 -f 2 -l 5 template.pdf slide  # Converts only pages 2-5

Code Style Guidelines

IMPORTANT: When generating code for PPTX operations:

• Write concise code
• Avoid verbose variable names and redundant operations
• Avoid unnecessary print statements

Dependencies

Required dependencies (should already be installed):

• markitdown: pip install "markitdown[pptx]" (for text extraction from presentations)
• pptxgenjs: npm install -g pptxgenjs (for creating presentations via html2pptx)
• playwright: npm install -g playwright (for HTML rendering in html2pptx)
• react-icons: npm install -g react-icons react react-dom (for icons in SVG format)
• LibreOffice: For PDF conversion (required for visual validation step)
  • macOS: brew install --cask libreoffice
  • Linux: sudo apt-get install libreoffice
• Poppler: sudo apt-get install poppler-utils (for pdftoppm to convert PDF to images)
• defusedxml: pip install defusedxml (for secure XML parsing)