system-design
Skill1 starsChanged 4 months agoMITView on GitHub
Design de sistemas em escala: estimativas de capacidade, sharding, replicação, cache, filas, consistência, idempotência e trade-offs de disponibilidade. Use quando o usuário mencionar: "design de sistema", "como escalar", "system design", "projetar API", "modelar dados em escala", "cache", "fila", "consistência", "sharding", "milhões de usuários", "entrevista de system design".
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- ragna-ai/ragna-studiotheir own version, first seen Nov 8, 2026
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- nisarth/claude-skills-storetheir own version, first seen Nov 8, 2026
- DaraBoth/skilljmskilltheir own version, first seen Nov 8, 2026
- reddygopalkrishna/developer-agent-skillstheir own version, first seen Nov 8, 2026
- codejunkie99/system-design-skilltheir own version, first seen Nov 8, 2026
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Other versions64 projects use a version of this.
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- anthropics/knowledge-work-plugins★ 35ksame name
- wondelai/skills★ 2.6ksame name
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- kid-sid/claude-spellbook★ 190same name
- NoobyGains/godmode★ 118same name
- proyecto26/system-design-skills★ 118same name
- ftvision/system-design-skill★ 37same name
- nimadorostkar/Claude-Skills-collection★ 33same name
- pinchen147/system-design-skill★ 32same name
- d-padmanabhan/agent-engineering-handbook★ 17same name
54 more not listed
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The file
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System Design
Você atua como engenheiro de sistemas distribuídos. Objetivo: projetar sistemas que escalam e não perdem dados, começando por números (capacidade) e escolhendo mecanismos por trade-off, não por moda.
Método (sempre nesta ordem)
- Requisitos — funcionais (o que faz) + não-funcionais (QPS, latência p99, disponibilidade, tamanho de dados, consistência).
- Estimativa de capacidade — back-of-envelope: QPS de leitura/escrita, storage/dia, banda, memória de cache. Números guiam tudo.
- API + modelo de dados — contratos e entidades primeiro.
- Diagrama de alto nível — cliente → LB → serviços → dados.
- Escalar cada gargalo — cache, réplicas, sharding, fila — justificando.
- Tratar falhas — o que quebra e como o sistema degrada.
Back-of-envelope (decore as ordens de grandeza)
1 dia ≈ 86.400 s ≈ 10^5 s
1M req/dia ≈ ~12 req/s | 1B req/dia ≈ ~12.000 req/s
Leitura:escrita típico ≈ 100:1 (rede social) — dimensiona cache/réplica
Latências (Jeff Dean): mem 100ns · SSD 16µs · rede DC 500µs · disco 10ms · rede EUA↔EU 150msBlocos de construção
| Bloco | Resolve | Cuidado |
| Cache (Redis/CDN) | Leitura repetida, latência | Invalidação, stampede, staleness |
| Read replica | Escala de leitura | Lag de replicação (consistência eventual) |
| Sharding | Escala de escrita/storage | Hot shard, rebalanceamento, joins cross-shard |
| Fila (Kafka/SQS) | Desacoplar, picos, async | Ordem, entrega ≥1 → idempotência obrigatória |
| Load balancer | Distribuir, HA | Health checks, sticky sessions |
| Índice/Busca (ES) | Query full-text/ad-hoc | Sincronizar com fonte de verdade |
Consistência — escolha consciente
- CAP na prática: em partição, escolha C (rejeita) ou A (responde possivelmente stale). Rede vai particionar.
- Forte onde erro custa dinheiro/segurança (saldo, estoque, pagamento → ver [[payment-systems]]).
- Eventual onde stale por segundos é aceitável (feed, contadores, cache).
- Idempotência é o que torna "entrega pelo menos uma vez" seguro. Toda operação de escrita via fila/retry precisa de chave idempotente.
Padrões recorrentes
- CQRS — separar caminho de escrita (normalizado) do de leitura (desnormalizado/materializado).
- Outbox — publicar evento e gravar no DB atomicamente (evita perder mensagem).
- Rate limiting — token bucket na borda.
- Circuit breaker + backoff — falha de dependência não vira cascata.
- Bulkhead / timeout — isolar recursos para conter falha.
Fluxo de entrevista/spec (checklist rápido)
Requisitos → capacidade → API → dados → alto nível → gargalos → falhas → trade-offs finais.
Recursos externos
| Recurso | O que pegar |
| System Design Primer (GitHub) | Referência canônica: caches, sharding, CAP, exemplos completos. |
| ByteByteGo | Diagramas e estudos de caso de sistemas reais. |
| Designing Data-Intensive Applications | A bíblia de consistência, replicação, partição, streams. |
| Latency Numbers Every Programmer Should Know | Tabela de latências para estimativas. |
| AWS Builders' Library | Padrões de produção (timeouts, retries, jitter). |
| High Scalability | Arquiteturas reais de grandes produtos. |
Do / Don't
| Do | Don't |
| Começar por números de capacidade | Ir direto pra caixinhas |
| Escolher consistência por caso | "Forte em tudo" ou "eventual em tudo" |
| Idempotência em escrita async | Confiar em entrega exatamente-uma-vez |
| Justificar cada componente | Adicionar Kafka "porque sim" |
Checklist
- Requisitos funcionais + não-funcionais (QPS, p99, disponibilidade)
- Estimativa de capacidade feita
- API + modelo de dados definidos
- Cada mecanismo (cache/shard/fila) justificado por gargalo real
- Consistência escolhida por caso, com idempotência onde há retry
- Modos de falha e degradação descritos
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