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mxslrmxslr/mlcraft/skills/domain-anomaly-detection/SKILL.md

domain-anomaly-detection

Skill8 starsChanged 4 months agoMITView on GitHub

Use for anomaly, outlier, and novelty detection across data types: industrial or visual defect detection, time-series or sensor anomalies and predictive maintenance, tabular fraud or intrusion detection, and out-of-distribution detection. Usually one-class or unsupervised. Picks the method by data type, sets the threshold honestly, and uses imbalance-aware metrics. Triggers on 'anomaly detection', 'outlier', 'defect detection', 'novelty', 'fraud', 'intrusion', 'out of distribution', 'predictive maintenance', 'one-class'.

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SKILL.md

Anomaly Detection - Method Selection

Anomalies are rare and often unlabeled, so most setups are one-class: train on normal data, then flag deviations. Route by data type.

Decision table

Data typeRecommended (recent)Notes
Images or industrial defectsPatchCore (2022) or EfficientAD (WACV 2024)few or no anomalies at train time. MVTec-style. Metric is image and pixel AUROC, and AUPRO.
Time-series or sensorsreconstruction or forecasting residual with a threshold; Anomaly Transformer as a deep optionread the metric caveat below.
Tabular (fraud, intrusion)Isolation Forest and LOF baselines; deep methods (deep SVDD, autoencoder) when data is largemetric is AUROC and PR-AUC.
Graph or networkone-class or reconstruction-based GNNfraud rings, intrusion.

Cross-cutting practice

  • Set the decision threshold on a validation set of known-normal data (plus a few anomalies if available), not on test.
  • Imbalance is extreme, so use PR-AUC or AUROC, not accuracy.
  • IMPORTANT time-series caveat: the common "point-adjustment" evaluation massively inflates F1 and is misleading. Report PR-AUC, range or affiliation-based metrics, or VUS, and state clearly whether point-adjustment was used.
  • Explainability: reconstruction-error maps (images and time-series), SHAP or feature attribution (tabular), and which timestamp or region triggered the alert.
  • Improve results: use accuracy-improvement-loop; evaluate with rigorous-evaluation.

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