Retrospective

Facilitate structured reflection that produces concrete improvements. The goal is not to assign blame — it's to make the next iteration better than the last.

Three Formats

Sprint Retrospective

When: End of every sprint Duration: 30-60 minutes Scope: What happened this sprint Output: 2-3 action items with owners for next sprint

Project Post-Mortem

When: After a significant project or milestone completes Duration: 60-90 minutes Scope: The entire project from planning through delivery Output: Written document with learnings and recommendations

Incident Post-Mortem

When: After any production incident that impacted users Duration: 60 minutes Scope: The incident timeline, response, and systemic causes Output: Blameless post-mortem document with prevention actions

Workflow: Sprint Retrospective

Step 1: Gather Data

Collect information about the sprint before the meeting:

• Sprint velocity vs commitment
• Items completed vs carried over
• Incidents or bugs discovered
• Team sentiment (optional pulse survey)

Step 2: Facilitate Discussion

Use one of these formats:

Start/Stop/Continue:

• Start doing: What should we begin doing that we aren't?
• Stop doing: What's wasting time or causing problems?
• Continue doing: What's working well?

Went Well / Didn't Go Well / Action Items:

• What went well this sprint? (Celebrate wins)
• What didn't go well? (Identify problems without blame)
• What specific actions will we take to improve?

4Ls (Liked, Learned, Lacked, Longed for):

• What did we like about this sprint?
• What did we learn?
• What was lacking?
• What did we long for (wish we had)?

Step 3: Prioritize Action Items

Don't try to fix everything. Pick the top 2-3 improvements:

• Each action item gets an owner (one person, not "the team")
• Each action item gets a deadline (usually "by end of next sprint")
• Each action item is specific enough to verify completion

Step 4: Record and Follow Up

Save the retro notes. At the start of next sprint's retro, review the previous action items: were they completed?

Workflow: Project Post-Mortem

Step 1: Prepare the Review

Before the meeting, gather:

• Original project proposal, PRD, and estimates
• Actual timeline and effort vs estimated
• Key decisions made during the project and their outcomes
• Metrics: did the project hit its success criteria?

Step 2: Walk Through Key Questions

1. Did we solve the right problem? Was the original problem statement accurate?
2. Did we estimate well? Where were estimates off and why?
3. What decisions would we make differently? (Technical, scope, team)
4. What processes helped? (What to keep)
5. What processes hindered? (What to change)
6. What surprised us? (Unknowns that became knowns too late)

Step 3: Produce the Document

Use the template at templates/post-mortem.md. Share with the team and stakeholders.

Workflow: Incident Post-Mortem

Blameless Culture

The most important principle: incidents are caused by systems, not people. If a human made an error, the question is "why did the system allow that error to cause an outage?" not "who messed up?"

Step 1: Build the Timeline

Reconstruct a minute-by-minute timeline:

• When did the incident start?
• When was it detected? (By monitoring or by users?)
• When was the team alerted?
• What actions were taken and when?
• When was the incident resolved?
• When was the root cause confirmed?

Step 2: Identify Root Causes

Use the "5 Whys" technique to dig past symptoms:

Why did users see errors? → The API returned 500s.
Why did the API return 500s? → Database connections were exhausted.
Why were connections exhausted? → A query was holding connections open.
Why was a query holding connections? → A missing index caused full table scans.
Why was the index missing? → No index review process exists for migrations.
→ Root cause: No systematic review of database performance for new migrations.

Step 3: Define Prevention Actions

For each root cause, define an action that prevents recurrence:

Action types:

• Prevention: Makes the incident impossible to recur
• Detection: Makes the incident detectable before user impact
• Mitigation: Reduces the blast radius if it happens again
• Process: Changes how the team works to reduce risk

Step 4: Produce the Post-Mortem

Use the template at templates/post-mortem.md. Publish internally — transparency builds trust and helps other teams learn.

Principles Applied

• Blameless over blame: Focus on systems, not individuals. "The deploy script didn't validate X" not "Dave forgot to check X."
• Action over discussion: Every retro must produce specific, owned action items. A retro without action items is just venting.
• KISS: 2-3 action items per retro, not 15. Fewer items done beats many items forgotten.
• Continuous improvement: Small improvements every sprint compound. A 5% improvement per sprint is 3x better in a year.

Cross-Skill References

• incident-response — triggers a post-mortem; use this skill for the post-mortem workflow
• technical-debt-review — if retrospectives repeatedly surface the same maintenance pain, escalate to a full debt review

See references/facilitation-guide.md for retro formats, handling difficult conversations, and action item quality criteria.