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nanxiaoyaonanxiaoyao/network-huawei-skills/ssl-vpn/SKILL.md

ssl-vpn

Skill2 starsChanged 3 months agoMITView on GitHub

This skill should be used when the user asks to configure or troubleshoot Huawei USG SSL VPN for mobile/remote workers. Covers virtual gateway, network extension (full tunnel), web proxy, file sharing, port forwarding, authentication (local/AD/LDAP/RADIUS), and SecoClient deployment. Applicable platforms USG6000E V600R007C20+ and USG6000/USG9500/NGFW Module V500R005C20+ (note version differences below).

The file

Files
SKILL.md

华为 USG SSL VPN 配置技能 (ssl-vpn)

适用平台:

  • USG6000E V600R007C20+
  • USG6000 / USG9500 / NGFW Module V500R005C20+

文档来源 华为 USG 产品文档 (sec_case_sslvpn_*)

⚠️ 版本差异提醒:V500 与 V600 在 SSL VPN 部分命令不一致,使用前请先看「版本差异」章节。

USG SSL VPN 给移动办公用户提供安全接入 终端走浏览器或 SecoClient 客户端 无需公网 IP 走 HTTPS 443

⚠️ V500 vs V600 命令差异(重要)

1. network-extension netpool 网址池

V500 无 ID语法(单池):

network-extension netpool 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.100 255.255.255.0

V600 有 ID(支持多池):

network-extension netpool 1 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.100 255.255.255.0
netpool 1 default

2. 推送内网路由命令

V500:network-extension manual-route <network> <mask> V600:network-extension permit-route <network> <mask>

3. 角色配置

V500:

v-gateway example
 role
  role director
   network-extension enable
   web-proxy enable
   web-proxy resource ERP

V600 类似但需先绑 condition:

v-gateway example
 role
  role director
   condition all
   user-group /cce.com/director
   domain-resource share resource1 enable

4. 用户导入 (V500/V600 一致)

两者都使用 user-manage import-policy <name> from { ad | ldap } 语法。

触发场景

  • 移动办公 出差访问公司内网
  • 浏览器访问内部 Web Mail / ERP(Web Proxy)
  • 远程访问文件共享 SMB/CIFS(文件共享业务)
  • 远程访问 Telnet/SSH/RDP(端口转发)
  • 全网通 全隧道接入内网(网络扩展)
  • 对接 AD/LDAP/RADIUS 域认证
  • 证书认证 / 双因子认证
  • SecoClient 客户端部署

SSL VPN 五大业务类型

业务适用场景客户端要求
Web 代理(Web Link/改写)浏览器访问内部 HTTP 应用仅浏览器
文件共享访问 SMB/CIFS 共享仅浏览器
端口转发访问 Telnet/SSH/RDP浏览器+控件
网络扩展 Network Extension全隧道 等同于在内网SecoClient 或浏览器控件
Web 改写不支持的复杂 Web 应用仅浏览器

最常用:网络扩展 + AD 认证

配置六步走

1 接口与安全区域

外网接口(接 untrust)+ 内网接口(接 trust)

2 安全策略(关键 容易漏)

必须配 4 条:

1) untrust → local  开放 https 443  允许用户接入 SSL VPN
2) local → trust   FW 访问内网资源(代理/文件共享回包)
3) untrust → trust  网络扩展用户访问内网  源地址为虚拟 IP 池
4) local → 认证服务器所在 zone  允许对接 AD/LDAP/RADIUS

3 认证服务器对接(AD 范式)

ad-server template ad_server
 ad-server authentication 10.3.0.155 88 no-ssl
 ad-server authentication base-dn dc=cce,dc=com
 ad-server authentication manager cn=administrator,cn=users Admin@123 Admin@123
 ad-server user-filter sAMAccountName
 ad-server group-filter ou
 test-aaa user_0001 Admin@123 ad-template ad_server

4 AAA 域绑定

aaa
 authentication-scheme ad
  authentication-mode ad
 domain cce.com
  service-type ssl-vpn
  authentication-scheme ad
  ad-server ad_server
  reference user current-domain

5 用户导入(AD 同步)

user-manage import-policy ad_server from ad
 server template ad_server
 server basedn dc=cce,dc=com
 server searchdn ou=director,dc=cce,dc=com
 destination-group /cce.com
 user-attribute sAMAccountName
 import-type all
 sync-mode incremental schedule interval 120
 sync-mode full schedule daily 01:00
execute user-manage import-policy ad_server

6 SSL VPN 虚拟网关与业务

v-gateway example interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 private example.huawei.com
v-gateway example max-user 150
v-gateway example cur-max-user 100

v-gateway example
 basic
  ssl version tls1.2
  ssl ciphersuit custom aes256-sha
 service
  network-extension enable
  network-extension keep-alive enable
  network-extension keep-alive interval 120
  network-extension netpool 1 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.100 255.255.255.0
  network-extension mode manual
  netpool 1 default
  network-extension permit-route 10.2.0.0 255.255.0.0

命令体系

虚拟网关

v-gateway <name> interface <if> [ private <domain> | public ]
v-gateway <name> max-user <num>          # 用户上限
v-gateway <name> cur-max-user <num>      # 并发上限
v-gateway <name>                          # 进入网关视图

网络扩展(全隧道)

[v-gateway-service]
network-extension enable
network-extension mode { manual | auto | full }
network-extension netpool <id> <start-ip> <end-ip> <mask>
network-extension permit-route <network> <mask>
network-extension keep-alive enable
network-extension keep-alive interval <s>

Web 代理

[v-gateway-service]
web-proxy enable
proxy resource <name> link http://<ip>
proxy resource <name> link http://<ip> single-sign-on enable

文件共享

[v-gateway-service]
file-share enable
share-resource <name> resource-server <ip> <share-path>

端口转发

[v-gateway-service]
port-forwarding enable
port-forwarding resource <name> host <ip> port <port>

角色授权

[v-gateway]
role
 role default
  user-group /cce.com/director
  user-group /cce.com/employee
  domain-resource share resource1 enable
  network-resource enable

SSL 加固

[v-gateway-basic]
ssl version tls1.2
ssl ciphersuit custom { aes256-sha | aes128-sha | ... }
ssl timeout <minute>

查看与诊断

命令说明
display v-gateway网关列表
display v-gateway <name> verbose网关详情
display v-gateway <name> user在线用户
display ad-server template <name>AD 服务器配置
display user-manage user verbose已导入用户
display aaa online-userAAA 在线用户
display ssl statisticsSSL 握手统计
display security-policy rule all策略匹配
test-aaa <user> <password> ad-template <name>测 AD 认证
test-aaa <user> <password> radius-template <name>测 RADIUS

常见陷阱

  • 安全策略漏配 local→trust → AD 认证不通
  • 网络扩展虚拟 IP 池与内网网段冲突 → 路由黑洞
  • 用户没绑域 → 登录提示用户不存在 必须 domain cce.com
  • HTTPS 证书未导入或域名不匹配 → 浏览器提示证书错误
  • AD base-dn 写错 → 用户搜不到 用 AD Explorer 先确认 DN
  • SecoClient 连不上 → 检查 untrust→local https 策略 + 浏览器测 https://<gw-ip>
  • cur-max-user 设小 → 在线用户达上限 新用户拒绝

相关文件

  • references/sslvpn-commands.md 完整命令速查
  • references/sslvpn-troubleshooting.md 连接失败 / 资源不通 / 性能调优

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