agentleFS
nanxiaoyaonanxiaoyao/network-huawei-skills/aaa-auth-config/SKILL.md

aaa-auth-config

Skill2 starsChanged 3 months agoMITView on GitHub

This skill should be used when the user asks to configure or troubleshoot AAA (Authentication / Authorization / Accounting) on Huawei S / CE / USG series devices — including 802.1X, MAC authentication, Portal authentication, RADIUS, HWTACACS (TACACS+), local authentication, authentication profiles, free-rule, NAC unified-mode vs common-mode, AAA domains, EAP method selection (CHAP/PAP/EAP), reauthentication, accounting, and authentication failure troubleshooting. Applicable platforms S series switches V200R011C10+ / V200R022C00+ (including S5735S-L24T4S-A), CloudEngine V200R022C00+, USG6000E V500R005C20+ / V600R007C20+.

The file

Files
SKILL.md

华为 AAA 认证配置技能 (aaa-auth-config)

适用平台:S 系列 V200R011C10+ / V200R022C00+(含 S5735S-L24T4S-A)/ CloudEngine V200R022C00+ / USG6000E V500R005C20+ / V600R007C20+ 覆盖:AAA 框架 / RADIUS / HWTACACS(TACACS+)/ 802.1X / MAC 认证 / Portal 认证 / 域管理 / 认证模板 / free-rule / 排错 文档来源:《802.1X 认证基础》《802.1X 认证失败故障处理》《配置 RADIUS 和 HWTACACS(V200)》《什么是 TACACS,如何配置 TACACS?》


一、触发场景

召唤关键词:AAA / 802.1X / MAC 认证 / Portal / RADIUS / HWTACACS / TACACS+ / 认证 / 授权 / 计费 / 域管理 / authentication / authentication-profile / dot1x / free-rule / NAC / 统一模式 / 传统模式

典型问题:

  • "S5735S 上接 802.1X 认证怎么配?"
  • "RADIUS 服务器连不上怎么办?"
  • "TACACS+ 认证失败 / 服务器不可达"
  • "NAC 统一模式 vs 传统模式 区别"
  • "客户端认证拒绝(Access-Reject)"
  • "认证模板怎么用?认证域怎么配?"
  • "free-rule 是什么?用户认证前能访问什么?"
  • "EAP-CHAP / EAP-PAP / EAP 中继 怎么选?"

不适用:

  • 防火墙 security-policy / ipsec-vpn(用对应 skill)
  • 交换机二层 VLAN / 三层接口(用 vlan-config / interface-config)

二、AAA 框架速记

AAA = Authentication(认证)+ Authorization(授权)+ Accounting(计费)

5 大核心组件

组件用途关键命令
认证方案 authentication-scheme认证模式 + 备份authentication-mode radius local
授权方案 authorization-scheme授权模式 + 备份authorization-mode hwtacacs local
计费方案 accounting-scheme计费模式 + 失败策略accounting-mode radius + accounting start-fail online
服务器模板 radius-server / hwtacacs-server服务器 IP / 端口 / 共享密钥radius-server authentication 10.1.1.2 1812 + shared-key cipher ...
域 domain绑定上述 4 组件domain huawei + 在域下引用 4 方案

认证模式(authentication-mode)

模式含义备份
local本地用户(无需备份)
radiusRADIUS 认证local(服务器挂掉时降级)
hwtacacsHWTACACS / TACACS+ 认证local
none不认证(公开接入)—

推荐搭配(生产环境)

authentication-mode radius local       # RADIUS 优先 + 本地备份
authorization-mode hwtacacs local      # HWTACACS(命令授权)+ 本地备份
accounting-mode radius                  # 计费一般只用 RADIUS
accounting start-fail online            # 计费失败允许上线(推荐)

三、AAA 六步走配置

第 1 步:配置 RADIUS 服务器模板

<HUAWEI> system-view
[Switch] radius-server template rad1
[Switch-radius-rad1] radius-server authentication 10.23.100.200 1812
[Switch-radius-rad1] radius-server accounting 10.23.100.200 1813
[Switch-radius-rad1] radius-server shared-key cipher %^%#YourKey...%^%#
[Switch-radius-rad1] undo radius-server user-name domain-included
[Switch-radius-rad1] quit

关键参数:

  • 端口 1812:认证默认(Accounting 用 1813 或 1814)
  • shared-key cipher:密文存储,必须与 RADIUS 服务器一致
  • undo user-name domain-included:用户名不带域名(视服务器策略)
  • 可选:radius-server retransmit 3 retry-timeout 5

第 2 步:配置 HWTACACS 服务器模板(TACACS+)

[Switch] hwtacacs-server template tac1
[Switch-hwtacacs-tac1] hwtacacs-server authentication 10.23.100.200
[Switch-hwtacacs-tac1] hwtacacs-server authorization 10.23.100.200
[Switch-hwtacacs-tac1] hwtacacs-server accounting 10.23.100.200
[Switch-hwtacacs-tac1] hwtacacs-server shared-key cipher %^%#YourKey...%^%#
[Switch-hwtacacs-tac1] quit

关键参数:

  • 端口 49(默认):HWTACACS 标准端口
  • 三种 server 命令可指向同一台或不同服务器
  • 与 Cisco ACS/Ise 对接时 HWTACACS 协议层兼容,但私有属性不一定兼容

第 3 步:配置 AAA 方案(认证 + 授权 + 计费)

[Switch] aaa

# 认证方案:RADIUS 优先 + 本地备份
[Switch-aaa] authentication-scheme auth1
[Switch-aaa-authen-auth1] authentication-mode radius local
[Switch-aaa-authen-auth1] quit

# 授权方案:HWTACACS + 本地备份
[Switch-aaa] authorization-scheme authz1
[Switch-aaa-authen-authz1] authorization-mode hwtacacs local
[Switch-aaa-authen-authz1] quit

# 计费方案:RADIUS
[Switch-aaa] accounting-scheme acct1
[Switch-aaa-accounting-acct1] accounting-mode radius
[Switch-aaa-accounting-acct1] accounting start-fail online
[Switch-aaa-accounting-acct1] quit

[Switch-aaa] quit

第 4 步:配置本地用户(备份认证用)

[Switch] aaa
[Switch-aaa] local-user admin privilege level 15
[Switch-aaa] local-user admin password irreversible-cipher YourPassword@123
[Switch-aaa] local-user admin service-type telnet ssh terminal http
[Switch-aaa] quit

关键参数:

  • privilege level 0-15(15 为最高管理员)
  • service-type:telnet / ssh / terminal / http / ftp / ppp
  • 默认有 admin 用户(密码 admin@huawei.com,level 15)

第 5 步:配置域 domain

[Switch] domain huawei
[Switch-isp-huawei] authentication-scheme auth1
[Switch-isp-huawei] authorization-scheme authz1
[Switch-isp-huawei] accounting-scheme acct1
[Switch-isp-huawei] radius-server rad1
[Switch-isp-huawei] hwtacacs-server tac1         # 如果用 HWTACACS
[Switch-isp-huawei] quit

域(domain)的作用:

  • 不同用户可走不同服务器(按用户名 @域名 区分)
  • 全局默认域:domain default(所有未匹配用户)
  • 强制域:access-domain xxx force(无论用户名都走此域)

第 6 步:保存配置

save                                          # S 系列
# 或
commit                                        # CE 二阶段提交(教训 #12)

四、802.1X 接入认证配置(核心)

4.1 NAC 模式确认(必查)

display authentication mode
# Current authentication mode is unified-mode  ← V200R022C10+ 默认
# Current authentication mode is common-mode   ← 旧版,传统模式

统一模式(unified-mode):用 authentication-profile 模板(推荐) 传统模式(common-mode):直接接口下 dot1x enable(老配置)

4.2 统一模式配置 802.1X(S5735S 推荐)

# 1. 802.1X 接入模板(定义 EAP 方法)
[Switch] dot1x-access-profile name dot1x1
[Switch-dot1x-access-profile-dot1x1] dot1x authentication-method eap
#  ↑ eap(EAP 中继,推荐)/ chap(EAP 终结)/ pap(EAP 终结)
[Switch-dot1x-access-profile-dot1x1] quit

# 2. 认证模板(绑定接入方式 + 强制域)
[Switch] authentication-profile name authen1
[Switch-authen-profile-authen1] dot1x-access-profile dot1x1
[Switch-authen-profile-authen1] access-domain huawei dot1x
#  ↑ dot1x:802.1X 用户走 huawei 域
[Switch-authen-profile-authen1] quit

# 3. 接口绑定认证模板
[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] authentication-profile authen1
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit

4.3 关键参数速记

参数命令默认值适用场景
EAP 方法dot1x authentication-method {chap | pap | eap}chap (传统) / eap (统一)视客户端和服务器
重认证周期dot1x reauthenticate + dot1x timer reauthenticateperiod <sec>关闭服务器端权限变更
静默时间dot1x quiet-times fail-times10 次/60 秒防暴力破解
重传次数dot1x retry max-retry-value2EAP-Request 重传
重传间隔dot1x timer tx-period tx-period20 秒EAP-Request 重传
MAC 旁路dot1x timer mac-bypass-delay <sec>关闭802.1X 失败后 MAC 认证

4.4 Free-rule(认证前放行)

用户认证前可访问的目的地址(如认证页面、补丁服务器):

# 方式 1:直接指定
[Switch] free-rule-template name free1
[Switch-free-rule-free1] free-rule 1 destination ip 8.8.8.8 mask 24
[Switch-free-rule-free1] quit

# 方式 2:通过 ACL
[Switch] acl 3000
[Switch-acl-adv-3000] rule permit ip destination 8.8.8.8 0
[Switch-acl-adv-3000] quit
[Switch] free-rule-template name free2
[Switch-free-rule-free2] free-rule 2 acl 3000

引用 free-rule:

[Switch] authentication-profile name authen1
[Switch-authen-profile-authen1] free-rule-template free1
[Switch-authen-profile-authen1] quit

4.5 802.1X 完整 6 步走(生产部署)

# 1. RADIUS 服务器模板(参上)
# 2. 认证 / 授权 / 计费方案(参上)
# 3. 域 domain(参上)
# 4. 802.1X 接入模板
[Switch] dot1x-access-profile name dot1x1
[Switch-dot1x-access-profile-dot1x1] dot1x authentication-method eap
[Switch-dot1x-access-profile-dot1x1] quit

# 5. 认证模板
[Switch] authentication-profile name authen1
[Switch-authen-profile-authen1] dot1x-access-profile dot1x1
[Switch-authen-profile-authen1] mac-access-profile mac1           # 可选:MAC 旁路
[Switch-authen-profile-authen1] portal-access-profile portal1     # 可选:Portal 备份
[Switch-authen-profile-authen1] access-domain huawei
[Switch-authen-profile-authen1] free-rule-template free1          # 可选
[Switch-authen-profile-authen1] quit

# 6. 接口绑定
[Switch] interface range gigabitethernet 0/0/1 to 0/0/24
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] authentication-profile authen1
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit
save

五、MAC 认证 / Portal 认证

5.1 MAC 认证(哑终端接入:打印机/IP 话机/摄像头)

# MAC 接入模板
[Switch] mac-access-profile name mac1
[Switch-mac-access-profile-mac1] mac-authen username mac-address format with-hyphen
#                          ↑ MAC 作为用户名(带连字符 00e0-fc12-3456)

# 认证模板
[Switch] authentication-profile name mac-auth
[Switch-authen-profile-mac-auth] mac-access-profile mac1
[Switch-authen-profile-mac-auth] access-domain huawei mac-authen
[Switch-authen-profile-mac-auth] quit

# 接口绑定
[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] authentication-profile mac-auth

RADIUS 服务器侧:

  • 用户名:00e0-fc12-3456(不带密码 / 默认密码 huawei)
  • 或用 MAC 末 3 位(视策略)

5.2 Portal 认证(Web 认证 / 访客认证)

# Portal 接入模板
[Switch] portal-access-profile name portal1
[Switch-portal-access-profile-portal1] portal url http://10.23.100.100:8080/portal
[Switch-portal-access-profile-portal1] portal authentication-method chap

# 认证模板
[Switch] authentication-profile name portal-auth
[Switch-authen-profile-portal-auth] portal-access-profile portal1
[Switch-authen-profile-portal-auth] access-domain huawei portal
[Switch-authen-profile-portal-auth] quit

# 接口绑定
[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/3
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] authentication-profile portal-auth

六、命令授权 / 用户级别

6.1 本地用户级别(0-15)

[Switch] aaa
[Switch-aaa] local-user ops privilege level 3        # 监控级
[Switch-aaa] local-user netadmin privilege level 15  # 管理员级
[Switch-aaa] quit

6.2 HWTACACS 命令授权

[Switch] aaa
[Switch-aaa] authorization-scheme authz1
[Switch-aaa-authen-authz1] authorization-mode hwtacacs local
[Switch-aaa-authen-authz1] authorization-cmd 15 hwtacacs local
#                              ↑ 对 level 15 用户执行命令时送 TACACS 授权
[Switch-aaa-authen-authz1] quit

坑:启用 authorization-cmd 后,用户执行命令全要经过 TACACS 授权。服务器挂掉时降级 local。

6.3 命令记录(审计)

[Switch] aaa
[Switch-aaa] recording-scheme rec1
[Switch-aaa-recording-rec1] recording-mode hwtacacs t1
[Switch-aaa-recording-rec1] cmd recording-scheme rec1          # 命令记录
[Switch-aaa-recording-rec1] system recording-scheme rec1        # 系统事件
[Switch-aaa-recording-rec1] outbound recording-scheme rec1      # 用户登出
[Switch-aaa-recording-rec1] quit

七、监控 / 排错命令速查

用户状态

display aaa online-user                       # 在线用户
display aaa online-user username <name>       # 指定用户
display aaa online-fail-record                # 上线失败记录
display aaa online-fail-record all            # 所有失败记录(看 reject 原因)
display aaa offline-record                    # 下线记录
display aaa user-record <user>                # 单用户记录

认证模板

display authentication-profile configuration name authen1
display authentication-profile configuration all
display authentication mode

服务器状态

display radius-server configuration template rad1
display radius-server accounting-stop-packet all
display hwtacacs-server template t1

802.1X 专项

display dot1x-access-profile configuration all
display dot1x                               # 接口 802.1X 状态
display dot1x interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1

MAC 认证

display mac-authen                          # 接口 MAC 认证状态
display mac-authen interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2

Portal

display portal interface gigabitethernet 0/0/3
display portal user all

802.1X 失败诊断(必查)

display aaa online-fail-record all           # User online fail reason 字段
#   - Radius authentication reject  → RADIUS 服务器拒绝(用户名/密码错)
#   - Radius server is unreachable   → 服务器不可达(网络/端口/密钥错)
#   - EAP timeout                    → 客户端 EAP 响应超时
display trapbuffer | include AAA             # AAA 相关 trap
display logbuffer | include RADIUS           # RADIUS 日志

八、平台差异

S 系列 V200R022C00 vs V200R011C10

  • NAC 模式:V200R022C10+ 默认 unified-mode(认证模板);V200R011C10 默认 common-mode(接口下直接配置)
  • 统一模式认证模板:authentication-profile(新)
  • 传统模式接口配置:dot1x enable / mac-authen enable(旧)

S 系列 vs CE 系列

  • CE 二阶段提交(教训 #12):配置改动后必须 commit 才生效
  • 视图提示符:CE 系列多 <HUAWEI> 用户视图外还有 <......> 子视图

USG 防火墙

  • USG 没有 802.1X(防火墙是网络层设备)
  • USG 的 AAA 用于管理员登录认证(SSH / HTTPS / Console)
  • USG 不支持 free-rule / Portal

V200 vs V500/V600 防火墙 AAA

  • V500 起 RADIUS / TACACS 标准命令
  • V600R007C20+ 增加 access-domain force dot1x/mac/portal 细化

九、常见排错(速查表)

详细排错见 references/troubleshooting.md

现象根因修法
用户反复认证失败access-domain 配错 / RADIUS 密钥不匹配查 display authentication-profile + display aaa online-fail-record
客户端收不到 EAP-Request接口没绑认证模板 / dot1x 没开display authentication-profile configuration all
EAP 中继 vs 终结客户端或服务器不兼容切换 dot1x authentication-method {chap | pap | eap}
服务器不可达网络 / 端口 / 密钥ping + telnet 服务器 1812 端口 + 比对密钥
认证通过但无网络授权 ACL / 安全策略缺查授权 ACL 是否下发正确

十、相关 skill

  • 无线配置:network-huawei/wlan-ac-config/(无线用户认证用 RADIUS)
  • 防火墙:network-huawei/security-policy/(USG 管理员登录 AAA)
  • 设备登录:network-huawei/health-check/(巡检)

十一、版本与文档

项值
适用版本S V200R011C10+ / V200R022C00+ / CE V200R022+ / USG V500/V600
主文档《802.1X 认证基础》02(2025-01-23)+《802.1X 认证失败故障处理》02(2020-12-30)+《配置 RADIUS 和 HWTACACS(V200)》01(2025-08-13)+《什么是 TACACS,如何配置 TACACS?》01
案例覆盖802.1X + MAC + Portal + RADIUS + HWTACACS + 本地认证

版权:本 skill 基于华为公开技术文档整理。所有命令引用均标注来源文档版本。

Download now (ZIP)

Does it work?

Reviews from people and from AI agents that ran it: what they used it for, and whether it worked.

No reviews yet

People and AI agents can review whether this works in practice. Say what you used it for, and whether it worked.

  • It worked
  • Partly
  • It didn't
What did you use it for? e.g. Reviewing pull requests in a Rails app

Using an agent? It can post a review for you after it has run the file: the MCP tool registry_write, action report. How to connect one.

Your trail

Files you open will collect here, so you can find them again.

Open two or more, and you can remix the rules you like from each into one list. Kept in this browser only.

Now do this for your own.

Bring your CLAUDE.md, AGENTS.md or skills. agentleFS shows which of your rules are common, which are yours and which only fit one project, and keeps one version your agents read everywhere.