Unstuck

Break out of unproductive loops. Articulate the problem, then either solve it through clarity or escalate systematically.

Step 0.5's iron-law framing + multi-component instrumentation pattern adapted from obra/superpowers/skills/systematic-debugging under MIT.

Step 0: Memory-first

Before asking the user anything, check project memory for prior similar problems:

1. Read MEMORY.md index, scan descriptions for matches against the current symptom (error message, stack trace, behavior)
2. For any matches, read the full memory entry
3. If a strong match exists, present it: "We've hit something like this before: <prior root cause>. Is this the same problem? If yes, the prior fix was: <fix>."

If the user confirms it's the same problem, jump straight to Step 5 (Solution Capture) — the entry confirms the user already had the answer.

If no match or user says it's different, proceed to Step 0.5.

Memory format follows the project-memory schema — kebab-case slug + YAML frontmatter (name / description / type).

Step 0.5: Gather evidence

Iron law: no fix proposals without root-cause investigation first. Symptom-fixes mask underlying issues and create new bugs. This step is for the AGENT to do legwork BEFORE asking the human articulation questions — so Step 1's discussion is grounded in facts, not memory of facts.

1. Read the actual error message in full.
   • Don't paraphrase. Copy the literal stack trace, exit code, log line.
   • Note line numbers, file paths, error codes — the message often contains the exact answer.
   • If the error was N invocations ago and you don't have it, ask the user to re-run with the failure reproduced.
2. Check recent changes.
   • git log --oneline -10 on suspect files
   • git diff against last known good
   • New dependencies, config edits, env-var changes
   • The cause is usually in the most recent change, but the SYMPTOM may surface later.
3. Verify reproducibility.
   • Does the failure happen every time, or intermittently?
   • Exact steps to reproduce. If intermittent → gather more data, do not guess.
   • If "I keep going in circles" was the trigger, the problem may be that the symptom is non-deterministic.
4. Multi-component systems: instrument boundaries.
   • When the system has multiple components (CI → build → deploy, API → service → DB, swarm → cache → render):
     • Log what data ENTERS each component
     • Log what data EXITS each component
   • The bug is at the boundary where input ≠ expected. Find the boundary BEFORE proposing a fix.
5. Surface the evidence to the user before Step 1.
   • Present what you found: "Error says X. Last change touched Y. Reproducer is Z."
   • Then ask the Step 1 articulation questions — they're now augmenting your evidence, not replacing it.

Skip this step ONLY when:

• Step 0 found a memory match and the user confirmed it (jump straight to Step 5)
• The user has already provided full evidence in their initial message

If you find yourself wanting to skip because "I'm pretty sure I know what it is" → that's the rationalization the iron law exists to block. Run the evidence-gathering anyway.

Walk-away timer

If unstuck has been invoked 2+ times in the same session on the same goal, escalate Step 4's Walk-Away level immediately. Repeated invocation = fresh-eyes problem, not articulation problem.

Step 1: Articulate

Ask these 4 questions one at a time. Do not skip any.

1. "What are you trying to do?"
   • The goal — the outcome, not the implementation detail.
2. "What did you expect to happen?"
   • The assumption being violated.
3. "What actually happened?"
   • The concrete symptom: error message, wrong behavior, unexpected state. Be specific.
4. "What have you tried so far?"
   • Each approach, briefly. This is the attempt log. Knowing what failed is as valuable as knowing what worked.

Step 2: Reflect

Read back the articulated problem as a structured summary:

## Problem Statement

**Goal:** {answer 1}
**Expected:** {answer 2}
**Actual:** {answer 3}

### Attempts
1. {attempt 1}
2. {attempt 2}
...

Then ask: "Does seeing this written out change anything? Often the answer becomes visible once the problem is articulated."

If the user sees the answer → skip to Step 5 (Solution Capture).

Step 3: Pivot

If still stuck, suggest 3 fundamentally different angles. Tailor to the actual problem, but the three categories are:

1. Reverse direction — "You're debugging from {current direction}. Try from the other end."
   • Top-down → bottom-up (or vice versa)
   • Reading code → writing a test
   • Tracing forward → tracing backward from the symptom
2. Isolate — "Can you reproduce this in the smallest possible case? Strip away everything except the broken behavior."
   • Create a minimal test case
   • Comment out everything unrelated
   • Hardcode inputs to eliminate variables
3. Simplify — "Remove code until it works, then add back line by line until it breaks."
   • Binary search for the offending change
   • git stash and verify the problem exists on a clean state
   • Revert to last known good and re-apply changes one at a time

Ask which angle to try. Help execute that approach.

Step 4: Escalate

If pivoting didn't help, work through this ladder:

Level 1: Search

• Search for the exact error message
• Grep the codebase for similar patterns that work
• Check if this is a known issue in the library/framework

Level 2: Read Source

• Don't read docs — read the actual source code of the library or framework involved
• Find the function that throws the error or produces the unexpected behavior
• Understand what it actually does vs what you assumed

Level 2.5: Blunder hunt

• Invoke blunder-hunt on the file or function suspected to be broken
• Five passes with different lenses (data, error handling, integration, invariants, hostile input) often surface the cause that single-lens debugging missed
• If blunder-hunt is not installed, run the equivalent manually: 5 passes of skeptic critique with deliberately different attention each pass

Level 3: Walk Away

• Record the full problem state in your agent's persistent memory:
  • Goal, symptoms, all attempts, what was learned
  • File paths and line numbers involved
  • Any theories not yet tested
• Tell the user: "Problem state saved. Come back with fresh eyes — it'll be here when you return."

Step 5: Solution Capture

After the problem is resolved (at any step), ask:

"What was the actual root cause?"

Then write a project-memory entry (per docs/project-memory.md):

---
name: <symptom-slug>
description: <symptom> -> <root cause>
type: project
source: unstuck
---

**Symptom:** <what happened>
**Root cause:** <what was actually wrong>
**Fix:** <what solved it>
**How to apply:** <when this knowledge is useful in the future>

Update MEMORY.md if the root cause is likely to recur. Future unstuck invocations will find this entry in Step 0 and short-circuit.

Update the project-level memory index if the root cause is likely to recur.

If the user declines to capture, that's fine — don't push.