gstack-design-review

Tandem vendoring note. Vendored from gstack (MIT, (c) Garry Tan, https://github.com/garrytan/gstack @ a3259400). The upstream Claude-Code-specific boilerplate (telemetry, session tracking, update checks, plan-mode hooks, learnings/brain sync) was removed; the workflow itself is unchanged. Paths below are relative to this skill's directory; sibling skills live at ../<id>/ (ids are prefixed gstack-). $GSTACK_ROOT is an optional upstream gstack install (default ~/.claude/skills/gstack) needed only for optional helpers such as the browse binary; skip any step that needs it when it is absent. "Ask the user" means a plain chat question when no structured question tool exists.

When to invoke this skill

Iteratively fixes issues in source code, committing each fix atomically and re-verifying with before/after screenshots. For plan-mode design review (before implementation), use /plan-design-review. Use when asked to "audit the design", "visual QA", "check if it looks good", or "design polish". Proactively suggest when the user mentions visual inconsistencies or wants to polish the look of a live site.

Setup

Parse the user's request for these parameters:

If no URL is given and you're on a feature branch: Automatically enter diff-aware mode (see Modes below).

If no URL is given and you're on main/master: Ask the user for a URL.

CDP mode detection: Check if browse is connected to the user's real browser:

$B status 2>/dev/null | grep -q "Mode: cdp" && echo "CDP_MODE=true" || echo "CDP_MODE=false"

If CDP_MODE=true: skip cookie import steps — the real browser already has cookies and auth sessions. Skip headless detection workarounds.

Check for DESIGN.md:

Look for DESIGN.md, design-system.md, or similar in the repo root. If found, read it — all design decisions must be calibrated against it. Deviations from the project's stated design system are higher severity. If not found, use universal design principles and offer to create one from the inferred system.

Check for clean working tree:

git status --porcelain

If the output is non-empty (working tree is dirty), STOP and use ask-the-user:

"Your working tree has uncommitted changes. /design-review needs a clean tree so each design fix gets its own atomic commit."

• A) Commit my changes — commit all current changes with a descriptive message, then start design review
• B) Stash my changes — stash, run design review, pop the stash after
• C) Abort — I'll clean up manually

RECOMMENDATION: Choose A because uncommitted work should be preserved as a commit before design review adds its own fix commits.

After the user chooses, execute their choice (commit or stash), then continue with setup.

Find the browse binary:

SETUP (run this check BEFORE any browse command)

_ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
B=""
[ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/$GSTACK_ROOT/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/$GSTACK_ROOT/browse/dist/browse"
[ -z "$B" ] && B="$GSTACK_ROOT/browse/dist/browse"
if [ -x "$B" ]; then
  echo "READY: $B"
else
  echo "NEEDS_SETUP"
fi

If NEEDS_SETUP:

1. Tell the user: "gstack browse needs a one-time build (~10 seconds). OK to proceed?" Then STOP and wait.
2. Run: cd <SKILL_DIR> && ./setup
3. If bun is not installed:

   if ! command -v bun >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     BUN_VERSION="1.3.10"
     BUN_INSTALL_SHA="bab8acfb046aac8c72407bdcce903957665d655d7acaa3e11c7c4616beae68dd"
     tmpfile=$(mktemp)
     curl -fsSL "https://bun.sh/install" -o "$tmpfile"
     actual_sha=$(shasum -a 256 "$tmpfile" | awk '{print $1}')
     if [ "$actual_sha" != "$BUN_INSTALL_SHA" ]; then
       echo "ERROR: bun install script checksum mismatch" >&2
       echo "  expected: $BUN_INSTALL_SHA" >&2
       echo "  got:      $actual_sha" >&2
       rm "$tmpfile"; exit 1
     fi
     BUN_VERSION="$BUN_VERSION" bash "$tmpfile"
     rm "$tmpfile"
   fi

Check test framework (bootstrap if needed):

Test Framework Bootstrap

Detect existing test framework and project runtime:

setopt +o nomatch 2>/dev/null || true  # zsh compat
# Detect project runtime
[ -f Gemfile ] && echo "RUNTIME:ruby"
[ -f package.json ] && echo "RUNTIME:node"
[ -f requirements.txt ] || [ -f pyproject.toml ] && echo "RUNTIME:python"
[ -f go.mod ] && echo "RUNTIME:go"
[ -f Cargo.toml ] && echo "RUNTIME:rust"
[ -f composer.json ] && echo "RUNTIME:php"
[ -f mix.exs ] && echo "RUNTIME:elixir"
# Detect sub-frameworks
[ -f Gemfile ] && grep -q "rails" Gemfile 2>/dev/null && echo "FRAMEWORK:rails"
[ -f package.json ] && grep -q '"next"' package.json 2>/dev/null && echo "FRAMEWORK:nextjs"
# Check for existing test infrastructure
ls jest.config.* vitest.config.* playwright.config.* .rspec pytest.ini pyproject.toml phpunit.xml 2>/dev/null
ls -d test/ tests/ spec/ __tests__/ cypress/ e2e/ 2>/dev/null
# Check opt-out marker
[ -f .gstack/no-test-bootstrap ] && echo "BOOTSTRAP_DECLINED"

If test framework detected (config files or test directories found): Print "Test framework detected: {name} ({N} existing tests). Skipping bootstrap." Read 2-3 existing test files to learn conventions (naming, imports, assertion style, setup patterns). Store conventions as prose context for use in Phase 8e.5 or Step 7. Skip the rest of bootstrap.

If BOOTSTRAP_DECLINED appears: Print "Test bootstrap previously declined — skipping." Skip the rest of bootstrap.

If NO runtime detected (no config files found): Use ask-the-user: "I couldn't detect your project's language. What runtime are you using?" Options: A) Node.js/TypeScript B) Ruby/Rails C) Python D) Go E) Rust F) PHP G) Elixir H) This project doesn't need tests. If user picks H → write .gstack/no-test-bootstrap and continue without tests.

If runtime detected but no test framework — bootstrap:

B2. Research best practices

Use WebSearch to find current best practices for the detected runtime:

• "[runtime] best test framework 2025 2026"
• "[framework A] vs [framework B] comparison"

If WebSearch is unavailable, use this built-in knowledge table:

B3. Framework selection

Use ask-the-user: "I detected this is a [Runtime/Framework] project with no test framework. I researched current best practices. Here are the options: A) [Primary] — [rationale]. Includes: [packages]. Supports: unit, integration, smoke, e2e B) [Alternative] — [rationale]. Includes: [packages] C) Skip — don't set up testing right now RECOMMENDATION: Choose A because [reason based on project context]"

If user picks C → write .gstack/no-test-bootstrap. Tell user: "If you change your mind later, delete .gstack/no-test-bootstrap and re-run." Continue without tests.

If multiple runtimes detected (monorepo) → ask which runtime to set up first, with option to do both sequentially.

B4. Install and configure

1. Install the chosen packages (npm/bun/gem/pip/etc.)
2. Create minimal config file
3. Create directory structure (test/, spec/, etc.)
4. Create one example test matching the project's code to verify setup works

If package installation fails → debug once. If still failing → revert with git checkout -- package.json package-lock.json (or equivalent for the runtime). Warn user and continue without tests.

B4.5. First real tests

Generate 3-5 real tests for existing code:

1. Find recently changed files: git log --since=30.days --name-only --format="" | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -10
2. Prioritize by risk: Error handlers > business logic with conditionals > API endpoints > pure functions
3. For each file: Write one test that tests real behavior with meaningful assertions. Never expect(x).toBeDefined() — test what the code DOES.
4. Run each test. Passes → keep. Fails → fix once. Still fails → delete silently.
5. Generate at least 1 test, cap at 5.

Never import secrets, API keys, or credentials in test files. Use environment variables or test fixtures.

B5. Verify

# Run the full test suite to confirm everything works
{detected test command}

If tests fail → debug once. If still failing → revert all bootstrap changes and warn user.

B5.5. CI/CD pipeline

# Check CI provider
ls -d .github/ 2>/dev/null && echo "CI:github"
ls .gitlab-ci.yml .circleci/ bitrise.yml 2>/dev/null

If .github/ exists (or no CI detected — default to GitHub Actions): Create .github/workflows/test.yml with:

• runs-on: ubuntu-latest
• Appropriate setup action for the runtime (setup-node, setup-ruby, setup-python, etc.)
• The same test command verified in B5
• Trigger: push + pull_request

If non-GitHub CI detected → skip CI generation with note: "Detected {provider} — CI pipeline generation supports GitHub Actions only. Add test step to your existing pipeline manually."

B6. Create TESTING.md

First check: If TESTING.md already exists → read it and update/append rather than overwriting. Never destroy existing content.

Write TESTING.md with:

• Philosophy: "100% test coverage is the key to great vibe coding. Tests let you move fast, trust your instincts, and ship with confidence — without them, vibe coding is just yolo coding. With tests, it's a superpower."
• Framework name and version
• How to run tests (the verified command from B5)
• Test layers: Unit tests (what, where, when), Integration tests, Smoke tests, E2E tests
• Conventions: file naming, assertion style, setup/teardown patterns

B7. Update CLAUDE.md

First check: If CLAUDE.md already has a ## Testing section → skip. Don't duplicate.

Append a ## Testing section:

• Run command and test directory
• Reference to TESTING.md
• Test expectations:
  • 100% test coverage is the goal — tests make vibe coding safe
  • When writing new functions, write a corresponding test
  • When fixing a bug, write a regression test
  • When adding error handling, write a test that triggers the error
  • When adding a conditional (if/else, switch), write tests for BOTH paths
  • Never commit code that makes existing tests fail

B8. Commit

git status --porcelain

Only commit if there are changes. Stage all bootstrap files (config, test directory, TESTING.md, CLAUDE.md, .github/workflows/test.yml if created): git commit -m "chore: bootstrap test framework ({framework name})"

Find the gstack designer (optional — enables target mockup generation):

DESIGN SETUP (run this check BEFORE any design mockup command)

_ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
D=""
[ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/$GSTACK_ROOT/design/dist/design" ] && D="$_ROOT/$GSTACK_ROOT/design/dist/design"
[ -z "$D" ] && D="$GSTACK_ROOT/design/dist/design"
if [ -x "$D" ]; then
  echo "DESIGN_READY: $D"
else
  echo "DESIGN_NOT_AVAILABLE"
fi
B=""
[ -n "$_ROOT" ] && [ -x "$_ROOT/$GSTACK_ROOT/browse/dist/browse" ] && B="$_ROOT/$GSTACK_ROOT/browse/dist/browse"
[ -z "$B" ] && B="$GSTACK_ROOT/browse/dist/browse"
if [ -x "$B" ]; then
  echo "BROWSE_READY: $B"
else
  echo "BROWSE_NOT_AVAILABLE (will use 'open' to view comparison boards)"
fi

If DESIGN_NOT_AVAILABLE: skip visual mockup generation and fall back to the existing HTML wireframe approach (DESIGN_SKETCH). Design mockups are a progressive enhancement, not a hard requirement.

If BROWSE_NOT_AVAILABLE: use open file://... instead of $B goto to open comparison boards. The user just needs to see the HTML file in any browser.

If DESIGN_READY: the design binary is available for visual mockup generation. Commands:

• $D generate --brief "..." --output /path.png — generate a single mockup
• $D variants --brief "..." --count 3 --output-dir /path/ — generate N style variants
• $D compare --images "a.png,b.png,c.png" --output /path/board.html --serve — comparison board + HTTP server
• $D serve --html /path/board.html — serve comparison board and collect feedback via HTTP
• $D check --image /path.png --brief "..." — vision quality gate
• $D iterate --session /path/session.json --feedback "..." --output /path.png — iterate

CRITICAL PATH RULE: All design artifacts (mockups, comparison boards, approved.json) MUST be saved to ~/.gstack/projects/$SLUG/designs/, NEVER to .context/, docs/designs/, /tmp/, or any project-local directory. Design artifacts are USER data, not project files. They persist across branches, conversations, and workspaces.

If DESIGN_READY: during the fix loop, you can generate "target mockups" showing what a finding should look like after fixing. This makes the gap between current and intended design visceral, not abstract.

If DESIGN_NOT_AVAILABLE: skip mockup generation — the fix loop works without it.

Create output directories:

eval "$($GSTACK_ROOT/bin/gstack-slug 2>/dev/null)"
REPORT_DIR="$HOME/.gstack/projects/$SLUG/designs/design-audit-$(date +%Y%m%d)"
mkdir -p "$REPORT_DIR/screenshots"
echo "REPORT_DIR: $REPORT_DIR"

UX Principles: How Users Actually Behave

These principles govern how real humans interact with interfaces. They are observed behavior, not preferences. Apply them before, during, and after every design decision.

The Three Laws of Usability

1. Don't make me think. Every page should be self-evident. If a user stops to think "What do I click?" or "What does this mean?", the design has failed. Self-evident > self-explanatory > requires explanation.
2. Clicks don't matter, thinking does. Three mindless, unambiguous clicks beat one click that requires thought. Each step should feel like an obvious choice (animal, vegetable, or mineral), not a puzzle.
3. Omit, then omit again. Get rid of half the words on each page, then get rid of half of what's left. Happy talk (self-congratulatory text) must die. Instructions must die. If they need reading, the design has failed.

How Users Actually Behave

• Users scan, they don't read. Design for scanning: visual hierarchy (prominence = importance), clearly defined areas, headings and bullet lists, highlighted key terms. We're designing billboards going by at 60 mph, not product brochures people will study.
• Users satisfice. They pick the first reasonable option, not the best. Make the right choice the most visible choice.
• Users muddle through. They don't figure out how things work. They wing it. If they accomplish their goal by accident, they won't seek the "right" way. Once they find something that works, no matter how badly, they stick to it.
• Users don't read instructions. They dive in. Guidance must be brief, timely, and unavoidable, or it won't be seen.

Billboard Design for Interfaces

• Use conventions. Logo top-left, nav top/left, search = magnifying glass. Don't innovate on navigation to be clever. Innovate when you KNOW you have a better idea, otherwise use conventions. Even across languages and cultures, web conventions let people identify the logo, nav, search, and main content.
• Visual hierarchy is everything. Related things are visually grouped. Nested things are visually contained. More important = more prominent. If everything shouts, nothing is heard. Start with the assumption everything is visual noise, guilty until proven innocent.
• Make clickable things obviously clickable. No relying on hover states for discoverability, especially on mobile where hover doesn't exist. Shape, location, and formatting (color, underlining) must signal clickability without interaction.
• Eliminate noise. Three sources: too many things shouting for attention (shouting), things not organized logically (disorganization), and too much stuff (clutter). Fix noise by removal, not addition.
• Clarity trumps consistency. If making something significantly clearer requires making it slightly inconsistent, choose clarity every time.

Navigation as Wayfinding

Users on the web have no sense of scale, direction, or location. Navigation must always answer: What site is this? What page am I on? What are the major sections? What are my options at this level? Where am I? How can I search?

Persistent navigation on every page. Breadcrumbs for deep hierarchies. Current section visually indicated. The "trunk test": cover everything except the navigation. You should still know what site this is, what page you're on, and what the major sections are. If not, the navigation has failed.

The Goodwill Reservoir

Users start with a reservoir of goodwill. Every friction point depletes it.

Deplete faster: Hiding info users want (pricing, contact, shipping). Punishing users for not doing things your way (formatting requirements on phone numbers). Asking for unnecessary information. Putting sizzle in their way (splash screens, forced tours, interstitials). Unprofessional or sloppy appearance.

Replenish: Know what users want to do and make it obvious. Tell them what they want to know upfront. Save them steps wherever possible. Make it easy to recover from errors. When in doubt, apologize.

Mobile: Same Rules, Higher Stakes

All the above applies on mobile, just more so. Real estate is scarce, but never sacrifice usability for space savings. Affordances must be VISIBLE: no cursor means no hover-to-discover. Touch targets must be big enough (44px minimum). Flat design can strip away useful visual information that signals interactivity. Prioritize ruthlessly: things needed in a hurry go close at hand, everything else a few taps away with an obvious path to get there.

Phases 1-6: Design Audit Baseline

Modes

Full (default)

Systematic review of all pages reachable from homepage. Visit 5-8 pages. Full checklist evaluation, responsive screenshots, interaction flow testing. Produces complete design audit report with letter grades.

Quick (--quick)

Homepage + 2 key pages only. First Impression + Design System Extraction + abbreviated checklist. Fastest path to a design score.

Deep (--deep)

Comprehensive review: 10-15 pages, every interaction flow, exhaustive checklist. For pre-launch audits or major redesigns.

Diff-aware (automatic when on a feature branch with no URL)

When on a feature branch, scope to pages affected by the branch changes:

1. Analyze the branch diff: git diff main...HEAD --name-only
2. Map changed files to affected pages/routes
3. Detect running app on common local ports (3000, 4000, 8080)
4. Audit only affected pages, compare design quality before/after

Regression (--regression or previous design-baseline.json found)

Run full audit, then load previous design-baseline.json. Compare: per-category grade deltas, new findings, resolved findings. Output regression table in report.

Phase 1: First Impression

The most uniquely designer-like output. Form a gut reaction before analyzing anything.

1. Navigate to the target URL
2. Take a full-page desktop screenshot: $B screenshot "$REPORT_DIR/screenshots/first-impression.png"
3. Write the First Impression using this structured critique format:
   • "The site communicates [what]." (what it says at a glance — competence? playfulness? confusion?)
   • "I notice [observation]." (what stands out, positive or negative — be specific)
   • "The first 3 things my eye goes to are: [1], [2], [3]." (hierarchy check — are these the 3 things the designer intended? If not, the visual hierarchy is lying.)
   • "If I had to describe this in one word: [word]." (gut verdict)

Narration mode: Write this section in first person, as if you are a user scanning the page for the first time. "I'm looking at this page... my eye goes to the logo, then a wall of text I skip entirely, then... wait, is that a button?" Name the specific element, its position, its visual weight. If you can't name it specifically, you're not actually scanning, you're generating platitudes.

Page Area Test: Point at each clearly defined area of the page. Can you instantly name its purpose? ("Things I can buy," "Today's deals," "How to search.") Areas you can't name in 2 seconds are poorly defined. List them.

This is the section users read first. Be opinionated. A designer doesn't hedge — they react.

Phase 2: Design System Extraction

Extract the actual design system the site uses (not what a DESIGN.md says, but what's rendered):

# Fonts in use (capped at 500 elements to avoid timeout)
$B js "JSON.stringify([...new Set([...document.querySelectorAll('*')].slice(0,500).map(e => getComputedStyle(e).fontFamily))])"

# Color palette in use
$B js "JSON.stringify([...new Set([...document.querySelectorAll('*')].slice(0,500).flatMap(e => [getComputedStyle(e).color, getComputedStyle(e).backgroundColor]).filter(c => c !== 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)'))])"

# Heading hierarchy
$B js "JSON.stringify([...document.querySelectorAll('h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6')].map(h => ({tag:h.tagName, text:h.textContent.trim().slice(0,50), size:getComputedStyle(h).fontSize, weight:getComputedStyle(h).fontWeight})))"

# Touch target audit (find undersized interactive elements)
$B js "JSON.stringify([...document.querySelectorAll('a,button,input,[role=button]')].filter(e => {const r=e.getBoundingClientRect(); return r.width>0 && (r.width<44||r.height<44)}).map(e => ({tag:e.tagName, text:(e.textContent||'').trim().slice(0,30), w:Math.round(e.getBoundingClientRect().width), h:Math.round(e.getBoundingClientRect().height)})).slice(0,20))"

# Performance baseline
$B perf

Structure findings as an Inferred Design System:

• Fonts: list with usage counts. Flag if >3 distinct font families.
• Colors: palette extracted. Flag if >12 unique non-gray colors. Note warm/cool/mixed.
• Heading Scale: h1-h6 sizes. Flag skipped levels, non-systematic size jumps.
• Spacing Patterns: sample padding/margin values. Flag non-scale values.

After extraction, offer: "Want me to save this as your DESIGN.md? I can lock in these observations as your project's design system baseline."

Phase 3: Page-by-Page Visual Audit

For each page in scope:

$B goto <url>
$B snapshot -i -a -o "$REPORT_DIR/screenshots/{page}-annotated.png"
$B responsive "$REPORT_DIR/screenshots/{page}"
$B console --errors
$B perf

Auth Detection

After the first navigation, check if the URL changed to a login-like path:

$B url

If URL contains /login, /signin, /auth, or /sso: the site requires authentication. ask-the-user: "This site requires authentication. Want to import cookies from your browser? Run /setup-browser-cookies first if needed."

Trunk Test (run on every page)

Imagine being dropped on this page with no context. Can you immediately answer:

1. What site is this? (Site ID visible and identifiable)
2. What page am I on? (Page name prominent, matches what I clicked)
3. What are the major sections? (Primary nav visible and clear)
4. What are my options at this level? (Local nav or content choices obvious)
5. Where am I in the scheme of things? ("You are here" indicator, breadcrumbs)
6. How can I search? (Search box findable without hunting)

Score: PASS (all 6 clear) / PARTIAL (4-5 clear) / FAIL (3 or fewer clear). A FAIL on the trunk test is a HIGH-impact finding regardless of how polished the visual design is.

Design Audit Checklist (10 categories, ~80 items)

Apply these at each page. Each finding gets an impact rating (high/medium/polish) and category.

1. Visual Hierarchy & Composition (8 items)

• Clear focal point? One primary CTA per view?
• Eye flows naturally top-left to bottom-right?
• Visual noise — competing elements fighting for attention?
• Information density appropriate for content type?
• Z-index clarity — nothing unexpectedly overlapping?
• Above-the-fold content communicates purpose in 3 seconds?
• Squint test: hierarchy still visible when blurred?
• White space is intentional, not leftover?

2. Typography (15 items)

• Font count <=3 (flag if more)
• Scale follows ratio (1.25 major third or 1.333 perfect fourth)
• Line-height: 1.5x body, 1.15-1.25x headings
• Measure: 45-75 chars per line (66 ideal)
• Heading hierarchy: no skipped levels (h1→h3 without h2)
• Weight contrast: >=2 weights used for hierarchy
• No blacklisted fonts (Papyrus, Comic Sans, Lobster, Impact, Jokerman)
• If primary font is Inter/Roboto/Open Sans/Poppins → flag as potentially generic
• text-wrap: balance or text-pretty on headings (check via $B css <heading> text-wrap)
• Curly quotes used, not straight quotes
• Ellipsis character (…) not three dots (...)
• font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums on number columns
• Body text >= 16px
• Caption/label >= 12px
• No letterspacing on lowercase text

3. Color & Contrast (10 items)

• Palette coherent (<=12 unique non-gray colors)
• WCAG AA: body text 4.5:1, large text (18px+) 3:1, UI components 3:1
• Semantic colors consistent (success=green, error=red, warning=yellow/amber)
• No color-only encoding (always add labels, icons, or patterns)
• Dark mode: surfaces use elevation, not just lightness inversion
• Dark mode: text off-white (~#E0E0E0), not pure white
• Primary accent desaturated 10-20% in dark mode
• color-scheme: dark on html element (if dark mode present)
• No red/green only combinations (8% of men have red-green deficiency)
• Neutral palette is warm or cool consistently — not mixed

4. Spacing & Layout (12 items)

• Grid consistent at all breakpoints
• Spacing uses a scale (4px or 8px base), not arbitrary values
• Alignment is consistent — nothing floats outside the grid
• Rhythm: related items closer together, distinct sections further apart
• Border-radius hierarchy (not uniform bubbly radius on everything)
• Inner radius = outer radius - gap (nested elements)
• No horizontal scroll on mobile
• Max content width set (no full-bleed body text)
• env(safe-area-inset-*) for notch devices
• URL reflects state (filters, tabs, pagination in query params)
• Flex/grid used for layout (not JS measurement)
• Breakpoints: mobile (375), tablet (768), desktop (1024), wide (1440)

5. Interaction States (10 items)

• Hover state on all interactive elements
• focus-visible ring present (never outline: none without replacement)
• Active/pressed state with depth effect or color shift
• Disabled state: reduced opacity + cursor: not-allowed
• Loading: skeleton shapes match real content layout
• Empty states: warm message + primary action + visual (not just "No items.")
• Error messages: specific + include fix/next step
• Success: confirmation animation or color, auto-dismiss
• Touch targets >= 44px on all interactive elements
• cursor: pointer on all clickable elements
• Mindless choice audit: every decision point (button, link, dropdown, modal choice) is a mindless click (obvious what happens). If a click requires thought about whether it's the right choice, flag as HIGH.

6. Responsive Design (8 items)

• Mobile layout makes design sense (not just stacked desktop columns)
• Touch targets sufficient on mobile (>= 44px)
• No horizontal scroll on any viewport
• Images handle responsive (srcset, sizes, or CSS containment)
• Text readable without zooming on mobile (>= 16px body)
• Navigation collapses appropriately (hamburger, bottom nav, etc.)
• Forms usable on mobile (correct input types, no autoFocus on mobile)
• No user-scalable=no or maximum-scale=1 in viewport meta

7. Motion & Animation (6 items)

• Easing: ease-out for entering, ease-in for exiting, ease-in-out for moving
• Duration: 50-700ms range (nothing slower unless page transition)
• Purpose: every animation communicates something (state change, attention, spatial relationship)
• prefers-reduced-motion respected (check: $B js "matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches")
• No transition: all — properties listed explicitly
• Only transform and opacity animated (not layout properties like width, height, top, left)

8. Content & Microcopy (8 items)

• Empty states designed with warmth (message + action + illustration/icon)
• Error messages specific: what happened + why + what to do next
• Button labels specific ("Save API Key" not "Continue" or "Submit")
• No placeholder/lorem ipsum text visible in production
• Truncation handled (text-overflow: ellipsis, line-clamp, or break-words)
• Active voice ("Install the CLI" not "The CLI will be installed")
• Loading states end with … ("Saving…" not "Saving...")
• Destructive actions have confirmation modal or undo window
• Happy talk detection: scan for introductory paragraphs that start with "Welcome to..." or tell users how great the site is. If you can hear "blah blah blah", it's happy talk. Flag for removal.
• Instructions detection: any visible instructions longer than one sentence. If users need to read instructions, the design has failed. Flag the instructions AND the interaction they're compensating for.
• Happy talk word count: count total visible words on the page. Classify each text block as "useful content" vs "happy talk" (welcome paragraphs, self-congratulatory text, instructions nobody reads). Report: "This page has X words. Y (Z%) are happy talk."

9. AI Slop Detection (10 anti-patterns — the blacklist)

The test: would a human designer at a respected studio ever ship this?

• Purple/violet/indigo gradient backgrounds or blue-to-purple color schemes
• The 3-column feature grid: icon-in-colored-circle + bold title + 2-line description, repeated 3x symmetrically. THE most recognizable AI layout.
• Icons in colored circles as section decoration (SaaS starter template look)
• Centered everything (text-align: center on all headings, descriptions, cards)
• Uniform bubbly border-radius on every element (same large radius on everything)
• Decorative blobs, floating circles, wavy SVG dividers (if a section feels empty, it needs better content, not decoration)
• Emoji as design elements (rockets in headings, emoji as bullet points)
• Colored left-border on cards (border-left: 3px solid <accent>)
• Generic hero copy ("Welcome to [X]", "Unlock the power of...", "Your all-in-one solution for...")
• Cookie-cutter section rhythm (hero → 3 features → testimonials → pricing → CTA, every section same height)
• system-ui or -apple-system as the PRIMARY display/body font — the "I gave up on typography" signal. Pick a real typeface.

10. Performance as Design (6 items)

• LCP < 2.0s (web apps), < 1.5s (informational sites)
• CLS < 0.1 (no visible layout shifts during load)
• Skeleton quality: shapes match real content layout, shimmer animation
• Images: loading="lazy", width/height dimensions set, WebP/AVIF format
• Fonts: font-display: swap, preconnect to CDN origins
• No visible font swap flash (FOUT) — critical fonts preloaded

Phase 4: Interaction Flow Review

Walk 2-3 key user flows and evaluate the feel, not just the function:

$B snapshot -i
$B click @e3           # perform action
$B snapshot -D          # diff to see what changed

Evaluate:

• Response feel: Does clicking feel responsive? Any delays or missing loading states?
• Transition quality: Are transitions intentional or generic/absent?
• Feedback clarity: Did the action clearly succeed or fail? Is the feedback immediate?
• Form polish: Focus states visible? Validation timing correct? Errors near the source?

Narration mode: Narrate the flow in first person. "I click 'Sign Up'... spinner appears... 3 seconds pass... still spinning... I'm getting nervous. Finally the dashboard loads, but where am I? The nav doesn't highlight anything." Name the specific element, its position, its visual weight. If you can't name it specifically, you're not actually experiencing the flow, you're generating platitudes.

Goodwill Reservoir (track across the flow)

As you walk the user flow, maintain a mental goodwill meter (starts at 70/100). These scores are heuristic, not measured. The value is in identifying specific drains and fills, not in the final number.

Subtract points for:

• Hidden information the user would want (pricing, contact, shipping): subtract 15
• Format punishment (rejecting valid input like dashes in phone numbers): subtract 10
• Unnecessary information requests: subtract 10
• Interstitials, splash screens, forced tours blocking the task: subtract 15
• Sloppy or unprofessional appearance: subtract 10
• Ambiguous choices that require thinking: subtract 5 each

Add points for:

• Top user tasks are obvious and prominent: add 10
• Upfront about costs and limitations: add 5
• Saves steps (direct links, smart defaults, autofill): add 5 each
• Graceful error recovery with specific fix instructions: add 10
• Apologizes when things go wrong: add 5

Report the final goodwill score with a visual dashboard:

Goodwill: 70 ████████████████████░░░░░░░░░░
  Step 1: Login page        70 → 75  (+5 obvious primary action)
  Step 2: Dashboard          75 → 60  (-15 interstitial tour popup)
  Step 3: Settings           60 → 50  (-10 format punishment on phone)
  Step 4: Billing            50 → 35  (-15 hidden pricing info)
  FINAL: 35/100 ⚠️ CRITICAL UX DEBT

Below 30 = critical UX debt. 30-60 = needs work. Above 60 = healthy. Include the biggest drains and fills as specific findings.

Phase 5: Cross-Page Consistency

Compare screenshots and observations across pages for:

• Navigation bar consistent across all pages?
• Footer consistent?
• Component reuse vs one-off designs (same button styled differently on different pages?)
• Tone consistency (one page playful while another is corporate?)
• Spacing rhythm carries across pages?

Phase 6: Compile Report

Output Locations

Local: .gstack/design-reports/design-audit-{domain}-{YYYY-MM-DD}.md

Project-scoped:

eval "$($GSTACK_ROOT/bin/gstack-slug 2>/dev/null)" && mkdir -p ~/.gstack/projects/$SLUG

Write to: ~/.gstack/projects/{slug}/{user}-{branch}-design-audit-{datetime}.md

Baseline: Write design-baseline.json for regression mode:

{
  "date": "YYYY-MM-DD",
  "url": "<target>",
  "designScore": "B",
  "aiSlopScore": "C",
  "categoryGrades": { "hierarchy": "A", "typography": "B", ... },
  "findings": [{ "id": "FINDING-001", "title": "...", "impact": "high", "category": "typography" }]
}

Scoring System

Dual headline scores:

• Design Score: {A-F} — weighted average of all 10 categories
• AI Slop Score: {A-F} — standalone grade with pithy verdict

Per-category grades:

• A: Intentional, polished, delightful. Shows design thinking.
• B: Solid fundamentals, minor inconsistencies. Looks professional.
• C: Functional but generic. No major problems, no design point of view.
• D: Noticeable problems. Feels unfinished or careless.
• F: Actively hurting user experience. Needs significant rework.

Grade computation: Each category starts at A. Each High-impact finding drops one letter grade. Each Medium-impact finding drops half a letter grade. Polish findings are noted but do not affect grade. Minimum is F.

Category weights for Design Score:

AI Slop is 5% of Design Score but also graded independently as a headline metric.

Regression Output

When previous design-baseline.json exists or --regression flag is used:

• Load baseline grades
• Compare: per-category deltas, new findings, resolved findings
• Append regression table to report

Design Critique Format

Use structured feedback, not opinions:

• "I notice..." — observation (e.g., "I notice the primary CTA competes with the secondary action")
• "I wonder..." — question (e.g., "I wonder if users will understand what 'Process' means here")
• "What if..." — suggestion (e.g., "What if we moved search to a more prominent position?")
• "I think... because..." — reasoned opinion (e.g., "I think the spacing between sections is too uniform because it doesn't create hierarchy")

Tie everything to user goals and product objectives. Always suggest specific improvements alongside problems.

Important Rules

1. Think like a designer, not a QA engineer. You care whether things feel right, look intentional, and respect the user. You do NOT just care whether things "work."
2. Screenshots are evidence. Every finding needs at least one screenshot. Use annotated screenshots (snapshot -a) to highlight elements.
3. Be specific and actionable. "Change X to Y because Z" — not "the spacing feels off."
4. Never read source code. Evaluate the rendered site, not the implementation. (Exception: offer to write DESIGN.md from extracted observations.)
5. AI Slop detection is your superpower. Most developers can't evaluate whether their site looks AI-generated. You can. Be direct about it.
6. Quick wins matter. Always include a "Quick Wins" section — the 3-5 highest-impact fixes that take <30 minutes each.
7. Use snapshot -C for tricky UIs. Finds clickable divs that the accessibility tree misses.
8. Responsive is design, not just "not broken." A stacked desktop layout on mobile is not responsive design — it's lazy. Evaluate whether the mobile layout makes design sense.
9. Document incrementally. Write each finding to the report as you find it. Don't batch.
10. Depth over breadth. 5-10 well-documented findings with screenshots and specific suggestions > 20 vague observations.
11. Show screenshots to the user. After every $B screenshot, $B snapshot -a -o, or $B responsive command, use the Read tool on the output file(s) so the user can see them inline. For responsive (3 files), Read all three. This is critical — without it, screenshots are invisible to the user.

Design Hard Rules

Classifier — determine rule set before evaluating:

• MARKETING/LANDING PAGE (hero-driven, brand-forward, conversion-focused) → apply Landing Page Rules
• APP UI (workspace-driven, data-dense, task-focused: dashboards, admin, settings) → apply App UI Rules
• HYBRID (marketing shell with app-like sections) → apply Landing Page Rules to hero/marketing sections, App UI Rules to functional sections

Hard rejection criteria (instant-fail patterns — flag if ANY apply):

1. Generic SaaS card grid as first impression
2. Beautiful image with weak brand
3. Strong headline with no clear action
4. Busy imagery behind text
5. Sections repeating same mood statement
6. Carousel with no narrative purpose
7. App UI made of stacked cards instead of layout

Litmus checks (answer YES/NO for each — used for cross-model consensus scoring):

1. Brand/product unmistakable in first screen?
2. One strong visual anchor present?
3. Page understandable by scanning headlines only?
4. Each section has one job?
5. Are cards actually necessary?
6. Does motion improve hierarchy or atmosphere?
7. Would design feel premium with all decorative shadows removed?

Landing page rules (apply when classifier = MARKETING/LANDING):

• First viewport reads as one composition, not a dashboard
• Brand-first hierarchy: brand > headline > body > CTA
• Typography: expressive, purposeful — no default stacks (Inter, Roboto, Arial, system)
• No flat single-color backgrounds — use gradients, images, subtle patterns
• Hero: full-bleed, edge-to-edge, no inset/tiled/rounded variants
• Hero budget: brand, one headline, one supporting sentence, one CTA group, one image
• No cards in hero. Cards only when card IS the interaction
• One job per section: one purpose, one headline, one short supporting sentence
• Motion: 2-3 intentional motions minimum (entrance, scroll-linked, hover/reveal)
• Color: define CSS variables, avoid purple-on-white defaults, one accent color default
• Copy: product language not design commentary. "If deleting 30% improves it, keep deleting"
• Beautiful defaults: composition-first, brand as loudest text, two typefaces max, cardless by default, first viewport as poster not document

App UI rules (apply when classifier = APP UI):

• Calm surface hierarchy, strong typography, few colors
• Dense but readable, minimal chrome
• Organize: primary workspace, navigation, secondary context, one accent
• Avoid: dashboard-card mosaics, thick borders, decorative gradients, ornamental icons
• Copy: utility language — orientation, status, action. Not mood/brand/aspiration
• Cards only when card IS the interaction
• Section headings state what area is or what user can do ("Selected KPIs", "Plan status")

Universal rules (apply to ALL types):

• Define CSS variables for color system
• No default font stacks (Inter, Roboto, Arial, system)
• One job per section
• "If deleting 30% of the copy improves it, keep deleting"
• Cards earn their existence — no decorative card grids
• NEVER use small, low-contrast type (body text < 16px or contrast ratio < 4.5:1 on body text)
• NEVER put labels inside form fields as the only label (placeholder-as-label pattern — labels must be visible when the field has content)
• ALWAYS preserve visited vs unvisited link distinction (visited links must have a different color)
• NEVER float headings between paragraphs (heading must be visually closer to the section it introduces than to the preceding section)

AI Slop blacklist (the 10 patterns that scream "AI-generated"):

1. Purple/violet/indigo gradient backgrounds or blue-to-purple color schemes
2. The 3-column feature grid: icon-in-colored-circle + bold title + 2-line description, repeated 3x symmetrically. THE most recognizable AI layout.
3. Icons in colored circles as section decoration (SaaS starter template look)
4. Centered everything (text-align: center on all headings, descriptions, cards)
5. Uniform bubbly border-radius on every element (same large radius on everything)
6. Decorative blobs, floating circles, wavy SVG dividers (if a section feels empty, it needs better content, not decoration)
7. Emoji as design elements (rockets in headings, emoji as bullet points)
8. Colored left-border on cards (border-left: 3px solid <accent>)
9. Generic hero copy ("Welcome to [X]", "Unlock the power of...", "Your all-in-one solution for...")
10. Cookie-cutter section rhythm (hero → 3 features → testimonials → pricing → CTA, every section same height)
11. system-ui or -apple-system as the PRIMARY display/body font — the "I gave up on typography" signal. Pick a real typeface.

Source: OpenAI "Designing Delightful Frontends with GPT-5.4" (Mar 2026) + gstack design methodology.

Record baseline design score and AI slop score at end of Phase 6.

Output Structure

~/.gstack/projects/$SLUG/designs/design-audit-{YYYYMMDD}/
├── design-audit-{domain}.md                  # Structured report
├── screenshots/
│   ├── first-impression.png                  # Phase 1
│   ├── {page}-annotated.png                  # Per-page annotated
│   ├── {page}-mobile.png                     # Responsive
│   ├── {page}-tablet.png
│   ├── {page}-desktop.png
│   ├── finding-001-before.png                # Before fix
│   ├── finding-001-target.png                # Target mockup (if generated)
│   ├── finding-001-after.png                 # After fix
│   └── ...
└── design-baseline.json                      # For regression mode

Design Outside Voices (parallel)

Automatic: Outside voices run automatically when Codex is available. No opt-in needed.

Check Codex availability:

command -v codex >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "CODEX_AVAILABLE" || echo "CODEX_NOT_AVAILABLE"

If Codex is available, launch both voices simultaneously:

1. Codex design voice (via Bash):

TMPERR_DESIGN=$(mktemp /tmp/codex-design-XXXXXXXX)
_REPO_ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel) || { echo "ERROR: not in a git repo" >&2; exit 1; }
codex exec "Review the frontend source code in this repo. Evaluate against these design hard rules:
- Spacing: systematic (design tokens / CSS variables) or magic numbers?
- Typography: expressive purposeful fonts or default stacks?
- Color: CSS variables with defined system, or hardcoded hex scattered?
- Responsive: breakpoints defined? calc(100svh - header) for heroes? Mobile tested?
- A11y: ARIA landmarks, alt text, contrast ratios, 44px touch targets?
- Motion: 2-3 intentional animations, or zero / ornamental only?
- Cards: used only when card IS the interaction? No decorative card grids?

First classify as MARKETING/LANDING PAGE vs APP UI vs HYBRID, then apply matching rules.

LITMUS CHECKS — answer YES/NO:
1. Brand/product unmistakable in first screen?
2. One strong visual anchor present?
3. Page understandable by scanning headlines only?
4. Each section has one job?
5. Are cards actually necessary?
6. Does motion improve hierarchy or atmosphere?
7. Would design feel premium with all decorative shadows removed?

HARD REJECTION — flag if ANY apply:
1. Generic SaaS card grid as first impression
2. Beautiful image with weak brand
3. Strong headline with no clear action
4. Busy imagery behind text
5. Sections repeating same mood statement
6. Carousel with no narrative purpose
7. App UI made of stacked cards instead of layout

Be specific. Reference file:line for every finding." -C "$_REPO_ROOT" -s read-only -c 'model_reasoning_effort="high"' --enable web_search_cached < /dev/null 2>"$TMPERR_DESIGN"

Use a 5-minute timeout (timeout: 300000). After the command completes, read stderr:

cat "$TMPERR_DESIGN" && rm -f "$TMPERR_DESIGN"

2. Claude design subagent (via Agent tool): Dispatch a subagent with this prompt: "Review the frontend source code in this repo. You are an independent senior product designer doing a source-code design audit. Focus on CONSISTENCY PATTERNS across files rather than individual violations:

• Are spacing values systematic across the codebase?
• Is there ONE color system or scattered approaches?
• Do responsive breakpoints follow a consistent set?
• Is the accessibility approach consistent or spotty?

For each finding: what's wrong, severity (critical/high/medium), and the file:line."

Error handling (all non-blocking):

• Auth failure: If stderr contains "auth", "login", "unauthorized", or "API key": "Codex authentication failed. Run codex login to authenticate."
• Timeout: "Codex timed out after 5 minutes."
• Empty response: "Codex returned no response."
• On any Codex error: proceed with Claude subagent output only, tagged [single-model].
• If Claude subagent also fails: "Outside voices unavailable — continuing with primary review."

Present Codex output under a CODEX SAYS (design source audit): header. Present subagent output under a CLAUDE SUBAGENT (design consistency): header.

Synthesis — Litmus scorecard:

Use the same scorecard format as /plan-design-review (shown above). Fill in from both outputs. Merge findings into the triage with [codex] / [subagent] / [cross-model] tags.

Log the result:

$GSTACK_ROOT/bin/gstack-review-log '{"skill":"design-outside-voices","timestamp":"'"$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)"'","status":"STATUS","source":"SOURCE","commit":"'"$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"'"}'

Replace STATUS with "clean" or "issues_found", SOURCE with "codex+subagent", "codex-only", "subagent-only", or "unavailable".

Phase 7: Triage

Sort all discovered findings by impact, then decide which to fix:

• High Impact: Fix first. These affect the first impression and hurt user trust.
• Medium Impact: Fix next. These reduce polish and are felt subconsciously.
• Polish: Fix if time allows. These separate good from great.

Mark findings that cannot be fixed from source code (e.g., third-party widget issues, content problems requiring copy from the team) as "deferred" regardless of impact.

Phase 8: Fix Loop

For each fixable finding, in impact order:

8a. Locate source

# Search for CSS classes, component names, style files
# Glob for file patterns matching the affected page

• Find the source file(s) responsible for the design issue
• ONLY modify files directly related to the finding
• Prefer CSS/styling changes over structural component changes

8a.5. Target Mockup (if DESIGN_READY)

If the gstack designer is available and the finding involves visual layout, hierarchy, or spacing (not just a CSS value fix like wrong color or font-size), generate a target mockup showing what the corrected version should look like:

$D generate --brief "<description of the page/component with the finding fixed, referencing DESIGN.md constraints>" --output "$REPORT_DIR/screenshots/finding-NNN-target.png"

Show the user: "Here's the current state (screenshot) and here's what it should look like (mockup). Now I'll fix the source to match."

This step is optional — skip for trivial CSS fixes (wrong hex color, missing padding value). Use it for findings where the intended design isn't obvious from the description alone.

8b. Fix

• Read the source code, understand the context
• Make the minimal fix — smallest change that resolves the design issue
• If a target mockup was generated in 8a.5, use it as the visual reference for the fix
• CSS-only changes are preferred (safer, more reversible)
• Do NOT refactor surrounding code, add features, or "improve" unrelated things

8c. Commit

git add <only-changed-files>
git commit -m "style(design): FINDING-NNN — short description"

• One commit per fix. Never bundle multiple fixes.
• Message format: style(design): FINDING-NNN — short description

8d. Re-test

Navigate back to the affected page and verify the fix:

$B goto <affected-url>
$B screenshot "$REPORT_DIR/screenshots/finding-NNN-after.png"
$B console --errors
$B snapshot -D

Take before/after screenshot pair for every fix.

8e. Classify

• verified: re-test confirms the fix works, no new errors introduced
• best-effort: fix applied but couldn't fully verify (e.g., needs specific browser state)
• reverted: regression detected → git revert HEAD → mark finding as "deferred"

8e.5. Regression Test (design-review variant)

Design fixes are typically CSS-only. Only generate regression tests for fixes involving JavaScript behavior changes — broken dropdowns, animation failures, conditional rendering, interactive state issues.

For CSS-only fixes: skip entirely. CSS regressions are caught by re-running /design-review.

If the fix involved JS behavior: follow the same procedure as /qa Phase 8e.5 (study existing test patterns, write a regression test encoding the exact bug condition, run it, commit if passes or defer if fails). Commit format: test(design): regression test for FINDING-NNN.

8f. Self-Regulation (STOP AND EVALUATE)

Every 5 fixes (or after any revert), compute the design-fix risk level:

DESIGN-FIX RISK:
  Start at 0%
  Each revert:                        +15%
  Each CSS-only file change:          +0%   (safe — styling only)
  Each JSX/TSX/component file change: +5%   per file
  After fix 10:                       +1%   per additional fix
  Touching unrelated files:           +20%

If risk > 20%: STOP immediately. Show the user what you've done so far. Ask whether to continue.

Hard cap: 30 fixes. After 30 fixes, stop regardless of remaining findings.

Phase 9: Final Design Audit

After all fixes are applied:

1. Re-run the design audit on all affected pages
2. If target mockups were generated during the fix loop AND DESIGN_READY: run $D verify --mockup "$REPORT_DIR/screenshots/finding-NNN-target.png" --screenshot "$REPORT_DIR/screenshots/finding-NNN-after.png" to compare the fix result against the target. Include pass/fail in the report.
3. Compute final design score and AI slop score
4. If final scores are WORSE than baseline: WARN prominently — something regressed

Phase 10: Report

Write the report to $REPORT_DIR (already set up in the setup phase):

Primary: $REPORT_DIR/design-audit-{domain}.md

Also write a summary to the project index:

eval "$($GSTACK_ROOT/bin/gstack-slug 2>/dev/null)" && mkdir -p ~/.gstack/projects/$SLUG

Write a one-line summary to ~/.gstack/projects/{slug}/{user}-{branch}-design-audit-{datetime}.md with a pointer to the full report in $REPORT_DIR.

Per-finding additions (beyond standard design audit report):

• Fix Status: verified / best-effort / reverted / deferred
• Commit SHA (if fixed)
• Files Changed (if fixed)
• Before/After screenshots (if fixed)

Summary section:

• Total findings
• Fixes applied (verified: X, best-effort: Y, reverted: Z)
• Deferred findings
• Design score delta: baseline → final
• AI slop score delta: baseline → final

PR Summary: Include a one-line summary suitable for PR descriptions:

"Design review found N issues, fixed M. Design score X → Y, AI slop score X → Y."

Phase 11: TODOS.md Update

If the repo has a TODOS.md:

1. New deferred design findings → add as TODOs with impact level, category, and description
2. Fixed findings that were in TODOS.md → annotate with "Fixed by /design-review on {branch}, {date}"

Additional Rules (design-review specific)

11. Clean working tree required. If dirty, use ask-the-user to offer commit/stash/abort before proceeding.
12. One commit per fix. Never bundle multiple design fixes into one commit.
13. Only modify tests when generating regression tests in Phase 8e.5. Never modify CI configuration. Never modify existing tests — only create new test files.
14. Revert on regression. If a fix makes things worse, git revert HEAD immediately.
15. Self-regulate. Follow the design-fix risk heuristic. When in doubt, stop and ask.
16. CSS-first. Prefer CSS/styling changes over structural component changes. CSS-only changes are safer and more reversible.
17. DESIGN.md export. You MAY write a DESIGN.md file if the user accepts the offer from Phase 2.