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software-architecture

Skill1 starsChanged 5 months agoMITView on GitHub

Apply Clean Architecture, SOLID principles, and design patterns — evaluate trade-offs and recommend architectural decisions

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SKILL.md

Software Architecture

Apply proven architectural patterns. Make informed trade-off decisions.

When to Use

  • Designing new systems or major features
  • Evaluating architectural trade-offs
  • Refactoring toward better separation of concerns
  • Reviewing system design decisions
  • Choosing between patterns (microservices vs monolith, etc.)

Core Principles

SOLID

PrincipleMeaning
Single ResponsibilityOne reason to change
Open/ClosedOpen for extension, closed for modification
Liskov SubstitutionSubtypes must be substitutable
Interface SegregationMany specific interfaces > one general
Dependency InversionDepend on abstractions, not concretions

Clean Architecture Layers

┌─────────────────────────────┐
│     Entities (Domain)       │  ← Business objects
├─────────────────────────────┤
│   Use Cases (Application)   │  ← Business rules
├─────────────────────────────┤
│  Interface Adapters         │  ← Controllers, Gateways
├─────────────────────────────┤
│  Frameworks & Drivers       │  ← DB, Web, UI
└─────────────────────────────┘

Rule: Dependencies point inward. Outer layers know about inner layers, never reverse.

Key Patterns

PatternWhen to Use
RepositoryAbstract data access behind interface
Use CaseEncapsulate business logic
StrategyMultiple algorithms, swap at runtime
ObserverDecouple event producers from consumers
FacadeSimplify complex subsystems
FactoryComplex object creation logic

Decision Framework

1. What is the core domain logic?
   → Isolate in entities/use cases

2. What are the external dependencies?
   → Push to boundaries, depend on interfaces

3. What changes most often?
   → Keep it replaceable

4. What is the team's expertise?
   → Prefer patterns they know

5. What are the performance constraints?
   → Don't over-architect for scale you don't have

Anti-Patterns

PatternProblem
God classOne class does everything
Anemic domain modelEntities with only getters/setters
Dependency hellCircular dependencies
premature abstractionAbstract before patterns emerge
Big ball of mudNo clear architecture at all

When to Choose What

Monolith first:

  • Small team (< 5 engineers)
  • Early product stage
  • Simple domain

Modular monolith:

  • Medium team, growing complexity
  • Want modularity without distributed overhead

Microservices:

  • Large team, independent deploy needed
  • Different scaling requirements per service
  • Mature domain with clear boundaries

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