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jmh-bench

Skill8 starsChanged 17 days agoApache-2.0View on GitHub

使用 JMH 编写并运行 Java 基准测试,输出可信的性能数据。适用于微基准测试、性能回归对比、优化效果验证。

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SKILL.md

JMH 基准测试执行指南

核心要求

  1. 测试默认参数:
  • 预热10次
  • 测试5次
  • 每次预热执行100ms
  • 每次测试执行20ms
  • 4线程执行
  • fork 3次
  1. 测试首推用mvnd

前置准备

1. 获取环境信息

执行 skill /java-env 获取 Java 开发环境信息:

skill java-env

确认:

  • mvnd/maven 目录位置
  • JDK 版本匹配项目需求

2. 配置 pom.xml

在项目中添加 JMH 依赖:

<dependencies>
    <!-- JMH Core -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
        <artifactId>jmh-core</artifactId>
        <version>1.37</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- JMH Annotations -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
        <artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
        <version>1.37</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <!-- 编译插件,确保 annotation processor 生效 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.11.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <annotationProcessorPaths>
                    <path>
                        <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
                        <artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
                        <version>1.37</version>
                    </path>
                </annotationProcessorPaths>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

执行方式

方式一:Maven Exec 插件(推荐)

# 编译项目
mvn clean compile -q

# 运行全部基准测试
mvn exec:exec -Dexec.executable="java" \
    -Dexec.args="-cp %classpath org.openjdk.jmh.Main" -q

# 运行指定基准测试类
mvn exec:exec -Dexec.executable="java" \
    -Dexec.args="-cp %classpath org.openjdk.jmh.Main BenchmarkClassName" -q

# 运行指定基准测试(带参数)
mvn exec:exec -Dexec.executable="java" \
    -Dexec.args="-cp %classpath org.openjdk.jmh.Main BenchmarkClassName -wi 3 -i 3 -t 1 -f 1" -q

参数说明:

  • -wi N: Warmup 迭代次数
  • -i N: Measurement 迭代次数
  • -t N: 线程数
  • -f N: Fork 次数

方式二:run_bench.sh 脚本

创建脚本 run_bench.sh:

#!/bin/bash

# Run JMH benchmark
# Usage: ./run_bench.sh [BenchmarkClass] [jmh_args...]

PROJECT_DIR=$(dirname "$0")
cd "$PROJECT_DIR"

BENCHMARK_CLASS="${1:-}"
JMH_ARGS="${2:-}"

# Build classpath
CLASSPATH="target/classes:target/test-classes:$(mvn dependency:build-classpath -Dmdep.outputFile=/dev/stdout -q)"

# Run JMH
if [ -n "$BENCHMARK_CLASS" ]; then
    java -cp "$CLASSPATH" org.openjdk.jmh.Main "$BENCHMARK_CLASS" $JMH_ARGS
else
    java -cp "$CLASSPATH" org.openjdk.jmh.Main
fi

使用方式:

chmod +x run_bench.sh

# 运行全部
./run_bench.sh

# 运行指定类
./run_bench.sh MyBenchmark

# 运行指定类带参数
./run_bench.sh MyBenchmark "-wi 5 -i 5"

方式三:Maven 管理的 JMH

当 JMH 依赖配置为 test scope,需通过 Maven 构建后直接运行:

# 编译并安装(生成 JMH 元数据)
mvn clean install -DskipTests

# 运行全部基准测试(JSON 输出)
java -cp "$(mvn dependency:build-classpath -Dmdep.outputFile=/dev/stdout):target/classes:target/test-classes" org.openjdk.jmh.Main -rf json

# 运行指定基准测试类
java -cp "$(mvn dependency:build-classpath -Dmdep.outputFile=/dev/stdout):target/classes:target/test-classes" org.openjdk.jmh.Main com.example.MyBenchmark -f 1 -wi 2 -i 2

# 运行指定基准测试(自定义参数)
java -cp "$(mvn dependency:build-classpath -Dmdep.outputFile=/dev/stdout):target/classes:target/test-classes" org.openjdk.jmh.Main com.example.MyBenchmark -wi 5 -i 5 -t 1 -f 3

参数说明:

  • -rf json: 结果保存为 JSON 文件
  • -l: 列出所有可用基准
  • 其他参数同上

项目配置要求:

<!-- pom.xml 需包含 -->
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
        <artifactId>jmh-core</artifactId>
        <version>1.37</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
        <artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
        <version>1.37</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.13.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <annotationProcessorPaths>
                    <path>
                        <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
                        <artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
                        <version>1.37</version>
                    </path>
                </annotationProcessorPaths>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

常用命令模板

场景命令
快速验证-wi 3 -i 3 -t 1 -f 1
标准测试-wi 5 -i 5 -t 4 -f 2
精确测试-wi 10 -i 10 -t 1 -f 3
列出所有Benchmark-l
项目完整测试(Maven 管理 JMH)mvn clean install -DskipTests && java -cp "$(mvn dependency:build-classpath -Dmdep.outputFile=/dev/stdout):target/classes:target/test-classes" org.openjdk.jmh.Main -rf json

输出解读

典型输出示例:

Benchmark                         Mode  Cnt    Score    Error  Units
MyBenchmark.testMethod           thrpt    5  123456.789 ± 5000  ops/s

指标说明:

  • thrpt: Throughput 吞吐量(ops/s)
  • avgt: Average Time 平均耗时(us/op)
  • sample: Sampling 时间采样
  • Score: 平均值
  • Error: 置信区间误差(99.9%)

最佳实践

  1. Warmup 充足 - 至少 5 次预热,让 JIT 编译稳定
  2. 避免 GC 影响 - 测试前可手动触发 GC:System.gc()
  3. Blackhole 消费 - 防止死代码消除:bh.consume(result)
  4. State 隔离 - 使用 @State(Scope.Thread) 避免线程竞争
  5. 单线程对比 - 多框架对比时先用 -t 1 消除并发因素
  6. 单方法申明批量 - 对单方法内部执行大量批量操作的,使用 @OperationsPerInvocation 注解申明

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