Chart Interpretation

The reverse of chart authoring. Instead of data to chart, this reads chart to insight to narrative. It works on charts you did not make: screenshots, images, HTML, dashboard exports.

The cardinal rule: read what the chart says, then read what it doesn't say. The visible data points tell one story; the missing context, truncated axes, and suppressed categories tell another.

Composes with chart-vocabulary for chart-type knowledge and critical-thinking for the evidence-quality and bias checks that Module 4 applies to visuals.

Module 1: Chart Type Recognition

Identify the chart type to determine the correct reading strategy.

Module 2: Visual Decoding

Extract data from visual encodings:

Module 3: Pattern Detection

Module 4: Misleading Visual Detection

Check every chart for these deceptive patterns:

Module 5: Structural Element Reading

Always read these elements before interpreting the data:

Module 6: Narrative Extraction

Convert visual observations into prose at three audience levels:

Executive Summary (30 seconds)

3 bullets maximum:
• [Primary insight — the main takeaway]  
• [Supporting evidence — the strongest proof point]  
• [Recommendation or implication — what to do about it]

Detailed Analysis (2-3 minutes)

The chart shows [chart type] plotting [X variable] against [Y variable]
for [time range / scope].

Primary finding: [Main pattern or insight with specific numbers]

Supporting observations:
- [Pattern 1 with evidence]
- [Pattern 2 with evidence]
- [Anomaly or exception worth noting]

Context and caveats:
- [What the chart doesn't show]
- [Potential biases or limitations]
- [Comparison to benchmarks if available]

Talking Points (presenter-ready)

"What you're seeing here is [explain the main pattern in plain language]."
"The key number to focus on is [highlight], which tells us [implication]."
"What's interesting is [surprise or anomaly] — this suggests [hypothesis]."
"The action item here is [recommendation]."

Module 7: Confidence Rating

Rate interpretation confidence honestly:

Module 8: Follow-Up Recommendations

After interpreting, suggest what would strengthen the analysis:

Module 9: CSAR Loop Integration

Use the CSAR loop from chart-vocabulary Module 2 for structured chart reading:

Anti-Patterns

Related Skills

• chart-vocabulary — chart types by communication goal, and the CSAR loop Module 9 uses
• critical-thinking — Module 4's deception checks are evidence-quality and bias detection applied to a picture
• flint-chart — the authoring direction. Read a chart here, make one there
• render-verify — checks a chart you rendered says what you meant. This skill reads charts you did not make

Would Revise If

Revise if interpretations consistently state what a chart is rather than what it means, or if the confidence ratings in Module 7 prove uncalibrated against later verification of the underlying data.