World Cup Knowledge Graph Navigator

Namespace Prefixes

Always declare these prefixes at the top of every SPARQL query:

PREFIX fifa:      <https://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/fifa#>
PREFIX position:  <https://fifa.com/position#>
PREFIX positionSide: <https://fifa.com/positionSide#>
PREFIX rdfs:      <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX xsd:       <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

For ontology metadata queries also declare:

PREFIX dc:     <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX cc:     <http://creativecommons.org/ns#>
PREFIX owl:    <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
PREFIX prov:   <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>

Full namespace URIs (for reference):

Named Graphs

When writing SPARQL, always specify the graph with FROM <graph-iri> or GRAPH <graph-iri> { } unless you want to query all graphs (which can cause duplicates if the same match IRI appears in both the main and analytics graphs).

SPARQL Endpoint

Default endpoint: https://demo.openlinksw.com/sparql

Use this endpoint for all queries against the FIFA World Cup Knowledge Graph unless the user specifies otherwise.

Example curl:

curl -s -G "https://demo.openlinksw.com/sparql" \
  -H "Accept: application/sparql-results+json" \
  --data-urlencode "query=<SPARQL_QUERY>"

Example SPASQL via execute_spasql_query:

sql: SPARQL <SPARQL_QUERY>

Set the default-graph-uri parameter to a named graph IRI when needed.

Ontology Metadata

<https://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/fifa#> rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
    rdfs:label "FIFA World Cup Ontology" ;
    dc:creator <https://github.com/danielhmills/#this> ;
    cc:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/> .

License: CC-BY-SA 3.0.

Class Reference

The Match Node — Query Hub

fifa:Match is the central node. Nearly all interesting data hangs off it:

fifa:Match
  ├── fifa:homeTeam / fifa:awayTeam              → fifa:Team
  ├── fifa:homeTeamScore / fifa:awayTeamScore    → xsd:integer
  ├── fifa:winner                                → fifa:Team
  ├── fifa:date / fifa:localDate                 → xsd:dateTime
  ├── fifa:attendance                            → xsd:integer
  ├── fifa:stadium                               → fifa:Stadium
  ├── fifa:stage                                 → fifa:Stage
  ├── fifa:season                                → fifa:Season
  ├── fifa:competition                           → fifa:Competition
  ├── fifa:group                                 → fifa:Group
  ├── fifa:homeTeamTactics / fifa:awayTeamTactics → fifa:Tactic
  ├── fifa:weather                               → fifa:Weather
  ├── fifa:ballPossession                        → fifa:BallPossession
  ├── fifa:hasGoal                               → fifa:Goal
  ├── fifa:hasBooking                            → fifa:Booking
  ├── fifa:hasSubstitution                       → fifa:Substitution
  ├── fifa:hasPlayerAppearance                   → fifa:PlayerMatchAppearance
  ├── fifa:hasCoach                              → fifa:CoachAssignment
  ├── fifa:hasStaffAssignment                    → fifa:StaffAssignment
  ├── fifa:hasOfficial                           → fifa:Official  (direct person node)
  ├── fifa:hasOfficialAssignment                 → fifa:OfficialAssignment
  ├── fifa:hasHeadToHeadAnalysis                 → fifa:HeadToHeadAnalysis
  ├── fifa:hasNewsArticle                        → schema:NewsArticle (FIFA Plus articles)
  ├── fifa:hasEvent                              → fifa:MatchEvent
  │                                                  ├── fifa:hasQualifier → fifa:EventQualifier
  │                                                  ├── fifa:Goal      (subclass)
  │                                                  ├── fifa:Foul      (subclass)
  │                                                  └── fifa:SetPiece  (subclass)
  ├── fifa:hasTeamAnalyticsReport                → fifa:TeamMatchAnalyticsReport
  └── fifa:hasPlayerAnalyticsReport              → fifa:PlayerMatchAnalyticsReport

Inferred match probability properties (derived via SPIN rules in wc2026_power_ranking_inference.sql):

PowerRanking — FIFA/Coca-Cola World Rankings

Named Graph

All fifa:PowerRanking data lives in urn:fifa:powerrankings. The graph is self-contained and also holds fifa:Confederation, fifa:Gender, and team stub nodes.

IRI Pattern

http://demo.openlinksw.com/fifa-kg#powerranking-{teamId}-{genTs}

{genTs} = ingestion timestamp (yyyymmddTHHMMSS).

PowerRanking Properties

A new snapshot is recorded only when a team's rated-match count or rank changes — to avoid redundant data. Use MAX(fifa:generatedAt) to retrieve the latest snapshot for each team.

PowerRanking Query Pattern

PREFIX fifa: <https://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/fifa#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>

SELECT ?team ?teamName ?confederation ?rank ?rankingMovement ?totalPoints ?generatedAt
WHERE {
  GRAPH <urn:fifa:powerrankings> {
    ?snapshot a fifa:PowerRanking ;
              fifa:hasTeam ?team ;
              fifa:hasConfederation ?confederation ;
              fifa:rank ?rank ;
              fifa:rankingMovement ?rankingMovement ;
              fifa:totalPoints ?totalPoints ;
              fifa:generatedAt ?generatedAt .
    ?team rdfs:label ?teamName .
    # Restrict to latest snapshot per team
    {
      SELECT ?team (MAX(?gen) AS ?generatedAt)
      WHERE {
        GRAPH <urn:fifa:powerrankings> {
          ?r a fifa:PowerRanking ; fifa:hasTeam ?team ; fifa:generatedAt ?gen .
        }
      }
      GROUP BY ?team
    }
  }
}
ORDER BY ?rank
LIMIT 50

Analytics Reports

Class Hierarchy

fifa:MatchAnalyticsReport  (abstract base)
  ├── fifa:TeamMatchAnalyticsReport    — one report per team per match
  └── fifa:PlayerMatchAnalyticsReport  — one report per player per match

Both live in urn:worldcup:kg:2026:analytics. Both share the same pool of fifa:AnalyticsMetricProperty datatype properties (all xsd:decimal). Each report carries fifa:generatedAt (xsd:dateTime) for temporal versioning.

Accessing Analytics Reports

# Team-level analytics (from analytics graph)
?match fifa:hasTeamAnalyticsReport ?report .
?report fifa:match ?match ; fifa:team ?team ; fifa:generatedAt ?generatedAt .

# Player-level analytics
?match fifa:hasPlayerAnalyticsReport ?report .
?report fifa:match ?match ; fifa:player ?player ; fifa:generatedAt ?generatedAt .

Discovering Available Metrics

SELECT ?prop ?label WHERE {
  ?prop rdf:type fifa:AnalyticsMetricProperty ;
        rdfs:label ?label .
}
ORDER BY ?label

Analytics Metric Properties

All have domain fifa:MatchAnalyticsReport, range xsd:decimal. Use OPTIONAL for every metric — not all reports populate every field.

Shooting & Goals

Passing & Ball Control

Threat & Pitch Control

Defensive

Set Pieces

Linebreaks & Progressions

Receptions & Offers to Receive

Final Third Entries

Tactical Phase Aggregates

Physical / Movement (Player-level)

Aggregate / Multi-match

Coded Value Reference

Critical: Many properties use instance URIs, not raw integers.

Card Types (fifa:bookingCard)

Goal Types (fifa:goalType)

Match Periods

Gender Instances

Positions (fifa:position, fifa:realPosition)

Two sets of position instances exist in the ontology, both typed as a fifa:Position:

Position IRI in practice: The JSON match loader emits fifa:Position-N IRIs for fifa:PlayerMatchAppearance nodes. The squad loader emits position:N IRIs on fifa:Player bio nodes. When querying lineups use fifa:Position-N; when querying player bio use position:N. To cover both, use UNION or VALUES ?pos { position:3 fifa:Position-3 }.

Position Sides (fifa:realPositionSide, fifa:positionSide)

positionSide: namespace (squad loader bio data, https://fifa.com/positionSide#):

fifa: namespace (JSON match loader lineup data):

fifa:PositionSide-3 is "Unknown" (side not determined), whereas positionSide:3 is the canonical "left side" individual.

Tactics

Official Type Instances

Coach Role Instances

Event Types (subclasses of fifa:MatchEvent via rdf:type)

OWL equivalentClass notes: fifa:EventType-0 ≡ fifa:Goal, fifa:EventType-2 ≡ fifa:Booking, fifa:EventType-5 ≡ fifa:Substitution. The preferred classes are fifa:Goal, fifa:Booking, fifa:Substitution — use those rather than the coded EventType equivalents.

Subclass hierarchy:

fifa:MatchEvent
  ├── fifa:Goal      (preferred — equiv: EventType-0)
  │     ├── fifa:EventType-34  (Own goal)
  │     ├── fifa:EventType-39  (Free Kick goal)
  │     └── fifa:EventType-41  (Penalty Goal)
  ├── fifa:Booking   (preferred — equiv: EventType-2)
  │     ├── fifa:EventType-3   (Red card)
  │     └── fifa:EventType-4   (Second Caution - Red Card)
  ├── fifa:Foul
  │     └── fifa:EventType-18  (Foul)
  ├── fifa:SetPiece
  │     ├── fifa:EventType-14  (Free Kick)
  │     ├── fifa:EventType-16  (Corner)
  │     └── fifa:EventType-24  (Throw In)
  ├── fifa:Substitution (preferred — equiv: EventType-5)
  ├── fifa:EventType-1   (Assist)
  ├── fifa:EventType-6   (Penalty Awarded)
  ├── fifa:EventType-7   (Start Time)
  ├── fifa:EventType-8   (End Time)
  ├── fifa:EventType-9   (Pause Time)
  ├── fifa:EventType-10  (Resume Time)
  ├── fifa:EventType-12  (Attempt at Goal)
  ├── fifa:EventType-15  (Offside)
  ├── fifa:EventType-17  (Goal Prevention)
  ├── fifa:EventType-19  (Coin Toss)
  ├── fifa:EventType-23  (Dropped Ball)
  ├── fifa:EventType-25  (Clearance)
  ├── fifa:EventType-26  (Match end)
  ├── fifa:EventType-27  (Aerial Duel)
  ├── fifa:EventType-33  (Attempt Missed)
  ├── fifa:EventType-49  (Attempt Missed)
  ├── fifa:EventType-51  (Penalty missed)
  ├── fifa:EventType-57  (Goal Prevention)
  ├── fifa:EventType-60  (Penalty missed)
  ├── fifa:EventType-65  (Penalty missed)
  ├── fifa:EventType-71  (VAR)
  └── fifa:EventType-72  (Penalty Conceded!)

Use intermediate classes for category-level queries:

?event a fifa:Foul .     # all foul-related events
?event a fifa:Goal .     # all goal events
?event a fifa:SetPiece . # all set pieces
?event a fifa:EventType-18 . # foul only, not cards

WRONG — there is no fifa:eventType datatype property:

# ?event fifa:eventType 18 .   ← DO NOT USE

Spatial Properties on fifa:MatchEvent

Other fifa:MatchEvent Properties

VAR Properties on fifa:MatchEvent

These appear on fifa:EventType-71 (VAR) events:

EventQualifier — Supplementary Annotations

A fifa:MatchEvent can have zero or more fifa:EventQualifier nodes attached via fifa:hasQualifier. These carry spatial and cross-event data: goalkeeper positions, goalmouth coordinates, blocked shot locations, jersey numbers, injured-player references, and links to related events.

?match fifa:hasEvent ?event .
?event fifa:hasQualifier ?q .
?q fifa:qualifierId         ?qid ;
   fifa:qualifierRecordId   ?recId .
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:pitchZone              ?zone }
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:gkXCoordinate         ?gkX }
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:gkYCoordinate         ?gkY }
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:goalmouthYCoordinate  ?gmY }
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:goalmouthZCoordinate  ?gmZ }
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:blockedXCoordinate    ?blkX }
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:blockedYCoordinate    ?blkY }
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:jerseyNumbers         ?jerseys }
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:playerPosition        ?playerPos }
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:injuredPlayer         ?injPlayer }
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:relatedEvent          ?relEvt }
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:oppositeRelatedEvent  ?oppEvt }
OPTIONAL { ?q fifa:secondRelatedEvent    ?secEvt }

fifa:timelineEvent — Cross-Reference to Timeline

Links a derived live-match entity (fifa:Goal, fifa:Booking, fifa:Substitution) back to the corresponding raw fifa:MatchEvent in the timeline. Use it to join structured live data (typed properties like fifa:goalMinute, fifa:goalType, fifa:player) with the full event-qualifier annotations.

?match fifa:hasGoal ?goal .
?goal  fifa:timelineEvent ?event .
?event fifa:hasQualifier ?q .
?q     fifa:goalmouthYCoordinate ?gmY ;
       fifa:goalmouthZCoordinate ?gmZ .

Key Property Quick Reference

Match Scores & Result

?match fifa:homeTeamScore ?homeScore ;
       fifa:awayTeamScore ?awayScore ;
       fifa:winner        ?winnerTeam ;
       fifa:resultType    ?resultType .   # 1=normal, 2=AET, 3=penalties

Goal Details

?match fifa:hasGoal ?goal .
?goal  rdfs:label        ?goalLabel ;
       fifa:goalMinute   ?minute ;
       fifa:goalPeriod   fifa:MatchPeriod-3 ;
       fifa:goalType     fifa:GoalType-1 ;
       fifa:assistPlayer ?assistingPlayer ;
       fifa:team         ?scoringTeam ;
       fifa:player       ?scorer .

Booking Details

?match fifa:hasBooking ?booking .
?booking fifa:bookingCard   fifa:CardType-1 ;
         fifa:bookingMinute ?minute ;
         fifa:bookingPeriod ?period ;
         fifa:bookingReason ?reasonCode ;
         fifa:team          ?bookedTeam ;
         fifa:player        ?bookedPlayer .
OPTIONAL { ?booking fifa:coach  ?coach }   # coach booking (fifa:Coach)
OPTIONAL { ?booking fifa:staff  ?staff }   # staff booking (fifa:Staff)
OPTIONAL { ?booking fifa:timelineEvent ?event }

Substitution Details

?match fifa:hasSubstitution ?sub .
?sub  fifa:playerOff          ?outPlayer ;
      fifa:playerOffName      ?outName ;
      fifa:playerOn           ?inPlayer ;
      fifa:playerOnName       ?inName ;
      fifa:substitutionMinute ?minute ;
      fifa:substitutionPeriod ?period ;
      fifa:substitutionReason ?reason .

Player Lineup

?match fifa:hasPlayerAppearance ?appearance .
?appearance fifa:player       ?player ;
            fifa:team         ?team ;
            fifa:shirtNumber  ?shirt ;
            fifa:captain      ?isCaptain ;
            fifa:fieldStatus  ?fieldStatus ; # 1=starting, 2=substitute
            fifa:position     ?pos ;
            fifa:lineupX      ?x ;
            fifa:lineupY      ?y .

Player Bio

?player rdfs:label          ?name ;
        fifa:playerId       ?id ;
        fifa:birthDate      ?dob ;
        fifa:height         ?height ;
        fifa:weight         ?weight ;
        fifa:jerseyNum      ?jersey ;
        fifa:realPosition   ?realPos ;
        fifa:realPositionSide ?side .

Team & Squad

?team rdfs:label           ?teamName ;
      fifa:teamId          ?id ;
      fifa:abbreviation    ?abbr ;
      fifa:hasWorldRanking ?ranking ;
      fifa:hasPlayer       ?player .       # direct → fifa:Player

# Squad membership via inSquad (player → SquadMembership)
?player fifa:inSquad ?squadMembership .
?squadMembership fifa:forTeam     ?team ;
                 fifa:duringSeason ?season .

# Team membership (temporal) via hasTeamMembership (player → TeamMembership)
?player fifa:hasTeamMembership ?membership .
?membership fifa:team          ?team ;
            fifa:duringSeason  ?season ;
            fifa:fromJoinDate  ?joined ;
            fifa:fromLeaveDate ?left .

Weather

?match fifa:weather ?weather .
?weather fifa:temperature          ?temp ;
         fifa:humidity             ?humidity ;
         fifa:windSpeed            ?wind ;
         fifa:weatherTypeLocalized ?description .

Ball Possession

?match fifa:ballPossession ?poss .
?poss fifa:overallHome ?homePct ;
      fifa:overallAway ?awayPct .

Stadium & Location

?match fifa:stadium ?stadium .
?stadium rdfs:label ?stadiumName ;
         fifa:hasRoof ?hasRoof ;
         fifa:city ?city .
?city rdfs:label ?cityName .
OPTIONAL { ?stadium fifa:capacity   ?capacity }
OPTIONAL { ?stadium fifa:latitude   ?lat }
OPTIONAL { ?stadium fifa:longitude  ?lon }
OPTIONAL { ?stadium fifa:length     ?pitchLength }
OPTIONAL { ?stadium fifa:width      ?pitchWidth }

Common Query Patterns

Pattern 1: All Goals in a Match

SELECT ?match ?matchLabel ?goalMinute ?periodLabel ?goalTypeLabel ?scorerName ?assistName
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         rdfs:label ?matchLabel ;
         fifa:hasGoal ?goal .
  ?goal  fifa:goalMinute ?goalMinute ;
         fifa:goalPeriod ?period ;
         fifa:goalType   ?goalType .
  ?period   rdfs:label ?periodLabel .
  ?goalType rdfs:label ?goalTypeLabel .
  OPTIONAL { ?goal rdfs:label ?scorerName }
  OPTIONAL { ?goal fifa:assistPlayer ?assist . ?assist rdfs:label ?assistName }
}
ORDER BY ?goalMinute

Pattern 2: Match Results with Score

SELECT ?match ?homeTeamName ?awayTeamName ?homeScore ?awayScore ?winnerName ?date
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         fifa:homeTeam      ?homeTeam ;
         fifa:awayTeam      ?awayTeam ;
         fifa:homeTeamScore ?homeScore ;
         fifa:awayTeamScore ?awayScore ;
         fifa:date          ?date .
  ?homeTeam rdfs:label ?homeTeamName .
  ?awayTeam rdfs:label ?awayTeamName .
  OPTIONAL { ?match fifa:winner ?winner . ?winner rdfs:label ?winnerName }
}
ORDER BY ?date

Pattern 3: Player Appearances (Starting XI)

SELECT ?match ?playerName ?shirtNumber ?posLabel ?isCaptain
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         fifa:hasPlayerAppearance ?app .
  ?app   fifa:player      ?player ;
         fifa:shirtNumber ?shirtNumber ;
         fifa:fieldStatus 1 ;
         fifa:captain     ?isCaptain .
  ?player rdfs:label ?playerName .
  OPTIONAL { ?player fifa:realPosition ?pos . ?pos rdfs:label ?posLabel }
}

Pattern 4: Yellow/Red Cards by Team

SELECT ?team ?teamName (COUNT(?booking) AS ?cards)
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         fifa:hasBooking ?booking .
  ?booking fifa:bookingCard fifa:CardType-1 ;  # Yellow; CardType-3 for straight red
           fifa:team ?team .
  ?team rdfs:label ?teamName .
}
GROUP BY ?team ?teamName
ORDER BY DESC(?cards)

Pattern 5: Tactics Used Per Match

SELECT ?matchLabel ?homeTeamName ?homeTacticLabel ?awayTeamName ?awayTacticLabel
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         rdfs:label ?matchLabel ;
         fifa:homeTeam ?homeTeam ; fifa:awayTeam ?awayTeam ;
         fifa:homeTeamTactics ?homeTactic ;
         fifa:awayTeamTactics ?awayTactic .
  ?homeTeam rdfs:label ?homeTeamName .
  ?awayTeam rdfs:label ?awayTeamName .
  ?homeTactic rdfs:label ?homeTacticLabel .
  ?awayTactic rdfs:label ?awayTacticLabel .
}

Pattern 6: Team Analytics for a Match

SELECT ?match ?matchLabel ?reportLabel
       ?passes ?passesCompleted ?possession
       ?attemptAtGoal ?goals ?xG ?yellowCards
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         rdfs:label ?matchLabel ;
         fifa:hasTeamAnalyticsReport ?report .
  ?report rdfs:label ?reportLabel .
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:passes           ?passes }
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:passesCompleted  ?passesCompleted }
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:possession       ?possession }
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:attemptAtGoal    ?attemptAtGoal }
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:goals            ?goals }
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:xG              ?xG }
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:yellowCards      ?yellowCards }
}
ORDER BY ?matchLabel

Pattern 7: Player Physical Performance

SELECT ?matchLabel ?reportLabel
       ?totalDistance ?distanceHighSpeedSprinting ?topSpeed ?sprints ?timePlayed
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         rdfs:label ?matchLabel ;
         fifa:hasPlayerAnalyticsReport ?report .
  ?report rdfs:label ?reportLabel .
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:totalDistance              ?totalDistance }
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:distanceHighSpeedSprinting ?distanceHighSpeedSprinting }
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:topSpeed                   ?topSpeed }
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:sprints                    ?sprints }
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:timePlayed                 ?timePlayed }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?totalDistance)

Pattern 8: Top Teams by Pressing Intensity

SELECT ?team ?teamName
       (SUM(?highPress) AS ?totalHighPress)
       (SUM(?counterPress) AS ?totalCounterPress)
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         fifa:hasTeamAnalyticsReport ?report .
  { ?match fifa:homeTeam ?team } UNION { ?match fifa:awayTeam ?team }
  ?team rdfs:label ?teamName .
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:phaseAggregateHighPress    ?highPress }
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:phaseAggregateCounterPress ?counterPress }
}
GROUP BY ?team ?teamName
ORDER BY DESC(?totalHighPress)

Pattern 9: Linebreak Efficiency by Team

SELECT ?team ?teamName
       (SUM(?attempted) AS ?attempted)
       (SUM(?completed) AS ?completed)
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         fifa:hasTeamAnalyticsReport ?report .
  { ?match fifa:homeTeam ?team } UNION { ?match fifa:awayTeam ?team }
  ?team rdfs:label ?teamName .
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:linebreaksAttemptedAllLines ?attempted }
  OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:linebreaksCompletedAllLines ?completed }
}
GROUP BY ?team ?teamName
HAVING (SUM(?attempted) > 0)
ORDER BY DESC(SUM(?completed))

Pattern 10: Match Officials

# Direct access via fifa:hasOfficial → fifa:Official
SELECT ?match ?matchLabel ?official ?officialName ?roleCode
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         rdfs:label ?matchLabel ;
         fifa:hasOfficial ?official .
  ?official rdfs:label ?officialName .
  OPTIONAL { ?official fifa:officialType ?roleCode }
}
ORDER BY ?matchLabel

# With localised role label via OfficialAssignment
SELECT ?match ?matchLabel ?official ?officialName ?roleLabel
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         rdfs:label ?matchLabel ;
         fifa:hasOfficial ?official .
  ?official rdfs:label ?officialName .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?assignment a fifa:OfficialAssignment ;
                fifa:official ?official ;
                fifa:officialTypeLocalized ?roleLabel .
  }
}
ORDER BY ?matchLabel

Pattern 11: Top Scorers

SELECT ?player ?playerName (COUNT(?goal) AS ?goals)
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         fifa:hasGoal ?goal .
  ?goal fifa:player ?player .
  ?player rdfs:label ?playerName .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?goal a fifa:EventType-34 }  # exclude own goals
}
GROUP BY ?player ?playerName
ORDER BY DESC(?goals)

Pattern 12: Players by Position and Side

# All forwards in the tournament
SELECT ?player ?playerName ?teamName ?sideLabel
WHERE {
  ?match a fifa:Match ;
         fifa:hasPlayerAppearance ?app .
  ?app fifa:player ?player ;
       fifa:position fifa:Position-3 .   # or position:3
  OPTIONAL { ?app fifa:realPositionSide ?side . ?side rdfs:label ?sideLabel }
  ?player rdfs:label ?playerName .
  OPTIONAL { ?app fifa:team ?team . ?team rdfs:label ?teamName . }
}

Pattern 13: FIFA World Rankings (PowerRanking graph)

PREFIX fifa: <https://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/fifa#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>

SELECT ?team ?teamName ?confederation ?rank ?prevRank ?rankingMovement ?totalPoints ?generatedAt
WHERE {
  GRAPH <urn:fifa:powerrankings> {
    ?snapshot a fifa:PowerRanking ;
              fifa:hasTeam ?team ;
              fifa:hasConfederation ?confederation ;
              fifa:rank ?rank ;
              fifa:prevRank ?prevRank ;
              fifa:rankingMovement ?rankingMovement ;
              fifa:totalPoints ?totalPoints ;
              fifa:generatedAt ?generatedAt .
    ?team rdfs:label ?teamName .
    {
      SELECT ?team (MAX(?gen) AS ?generatedAt)
      WHERE {
        GRAPH <urn:fifa:powerrankings> {
          ?r a fifa:PowerRanking ; fifa:hasTeam ?team ; fifa:generatedAt ?gen .
        }
      }
      GROUP BY ?team
    }
  }
}
ORDER BY ?rank
LIMIT 50

Pattern 14: Match Win Probabilities (Inferred)

SELECT ?match ?homeTeam ?awayTeam ?homeWinProb ?awayWinProb
WHERE {
  GRAPH <urn:worldcup:kg:2026> {
    ?match a fifa:Match ;
           fifa:homeTeam ?homeTeamRes ;
           fifa:awayTeam ?awayTeamRes .
    OPTIONAL { ?match fifa:homeTeamWinProbabilityByFifaRank ?homeWinProb }
    OPTIONAL { ?match fifa:awayTeamWinProbabilityByFifaRank ?awayWinProb }
    ?homeTeamRes rdfs:label ?homeTeam .
    ?awayTeamRes rdfs:label ?awayTeam .
  }
}
ORDER BY ?match

Pattern 15: xG and Threat Comparison

SELECT ?match ?matchLabel ?team ?teamName ?xG ?threat ?pitchControl ?finalThirdPitchControl
WHERE {
  GRAPH <urn:worldcup:kg:2026:analytics> {
    ?report a fifa:TeamMatchAnalyticsReport ;
            fifa:match ?match ;
            fifa:team ?team ;
            fifa:generatedAt ?generatedAt .
    OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:xG ?xG }
    OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:threat ?threat }
    OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:pitchControl ?pitchControl }
    OPTIONAL { ?report fifa:finalThirdPitchControl ?finalThirdPitchControl }
    {
      SELECT ?match ?team (MAX(?gen) AS ?generatedAt)
      WHERE {
        GRAPH <urn:worldcup:kg:2026:analytics> {
          ?r a fifa:TeamMatchAnalyticsReport ;
             fifa:match ?match ; fifa:team ?team ; fifa:generatedAt ?gen .
        }
      }
      GROUP BY ?match ?team
    }
  }
  GRAPH <urn:worldcup:kg:2026> {
    ?match rdfs:label ?matchLabel .
    ?team rdfs:label ?teamName .
  }
}
ORDER BY ?match

Query Best Practices

1. Prefer analytics reports over raw events for aggregate stats — when a metric exists in fifa:PlayerMatchAnalyticsReport or fifa:TeamMatchAnalyticsReport (goals, passes, distance, possession, xG, etc.), always use it via fifa:hasPlayerAnalyticsReport / fifa:hasTeamAnalyticsReport rather than counting raw event nodes. Counting raw fifa:Goal events can produce incorrect aggregates; the analytics reports are the authoritative pre-aggregated source of truth.

   Use analytics (correct):

   ?match fifa:hasPlayerAnalyticsReport ?report .
   ?report fifa:player ?player ;
           fifa:goals  ?goalsInMatch .

   Avoid for aggregates (can produce wrong totals):

   ?match fifa:hasGoal ?goal .
   ?goal fifa:player ?player .   # ← raw event count, unreliable for aggregates

2. Always use rdfs:label for human-readable names — teams, players, stadiums, cities, periods, goal types, card types all have labels.
3. Always SELECT both the URI and the label — include the subject URI variable alongside its rdfs:label. The URI is a stable identifier for follow-up queries.
4. Use OPTIONAL for nullable fields — weather, possession, tactics, winner, and every analytics metric.
5. Always use instance URIs, never raw integers for typed values — fifa:goalType, fifa:bookingCard, fifa:goalPeriod, and event types all use instance URIs. There is no fifa:eventType datatype property; filter by ?event a fifa:EventType-N .
6. The player in a Goal/Booking is declared via fifa:player. A rdfs:label on the event node may carry the name as a fallback.
7. Squad and team membership navigation: fifa:hasPlayer on fifa:Team points directly to fifa:Player. To navigate squad membership use fifa:inSquad on the player (→ fifa:SquadMembership) with fifa:forTeam and fifa:duringSeason. For temporal club membership use fifa:hasTeamMembership (→ fifa:TeamMembership).
8. Match-centric traversal: Start from ?match a fifa:Match and follow fifa:has* outward.
9. Aggregate queries: Always include the URI in GROUP BY alongside the label.
10. Analytics reports use OPTIONAL for every metric — not every report will have every metric populated.
11. fifa:AnalyticsMetricProperty as discovery tool — query ?p rdf:type fifa:AnalyticsMetricProperty to enumerate available analytics predicates dynamically.
12. fifa:team and fifa:player are multi-domain — usable directly on fifa:Goal, fifa:Booking, fifa:PlayerMatchAppearance, fifa:CoachAssignment, fifa:TeamMatchAnalyticsReport, and fifa:PlayerMatchAnalyticsReport.
13. fifa:Official vs fifa:OfficialAssignment vs fifa:OfficialType:
    • fifa:Official = the person. Has rdfs:label, fifa:officialType (integer), fifa:idCountry.
    • fifa:OfficialAssignment = the assignment record. Has fifa:official, fifa:officialType (integer), fifa:officialTypeLocalized (human-readable, e.g. "Referee").
    • fifa:OfficialType = the role taxonomy class. Instances have rdfs:label values like "Referee", "Assistant VAR".
    • fifa:hasOfficial links to the person node. fifa:hasOfficialAssignment links to the assignment record.
14. fifa:position on fifa:PlayerMatchAppearance — the position assigned for a specific match appearance; no need to go through the player node.
15. EventQualifier for spatial detail — navigate from ?event fifa:hasQualifier ?q for goalkeeper position, goalmouth coordinates, pitch zone, or blocked-shot location. Use OPTIONAL for every qualifier property.
16. fifa:timelineEvent bridges live entities and the timeline — follow ?liveEntity fifa:timelineEvent ?event to reach the fifa:MatchEvent with full qualifier annotations and VAR data.
17. Provider identifiers — matches carry fifa:matchId, fifa:idIfes (IFES), and fifa:idStatsPerform (Stats Perform/Opta). Use fifa:idIfes when querying the analytics endpoint.
18. PowerRanking graph isolation — urn:fifa:powerrankings is self-contained. Always use GRAPH <urn:fifa:powerrankings> when querying it; otherwise team stubs in that graph may collide with full team nodes in the main graph.
19. Use preferred event classes — fifa:Goal, fifa:Booking, fifa:Substitution are the preferred classes for events; the owl:equivalentClass EventType coded variants (EventType-0, EventType-2, EventType-5) will eventually be superseded.

Reference Files

For deep property listings, see:

• references/properties.md — complete property table with domains, ranges, and data types
• references/coded-values.md — expanded coded value tables with usage examples

Read these only when you need exhaustive detail beyond what the SKILL.md tables cover.