Distill

A summary lists what was said; a distillation tells you what matters and what's still missing. This skill crushes a long source into the smallest output that still changes how the reader thinks.

When to use

• The user shares a long article, paper, report, transcript, or thread and wants the essence.
• They say "tl;dr", "summarize", "key takeaway", "the gist", or "is this worth reading".
• They're triaging a stack of sources and need fast signal to decide what to read fully.
• They want the argument, not the table of contents.

When NOT to use

• They need a faithful, comprehensive summary that preserves every section (use a structured summary instead).
• The source is already short — distilling adds nothing.
• They need exact quotes, numbers, or compliance-grade fidelity where dropping detail is dangerous.
• They want analysis/critique rather than compression (do that separately and say so).

The method (numbered, concrete — the heart)

1. Read for the spine, not the surface. Find the author's actual claim — the thing the whole piece exists to argue. Ignore throat-clearing intros, hedges, and filler examples.
2. Write the core thesis in ONE sentence. It must be a claim, not a topic. Bad: "This paper is about remote work." Good: "Remote work raises individual output but quietly erodes the weak ties that drive promotions." If you can't say it in one sentence, you haven't found it yet.
3. Extract the 3 load-bearing points. Pick the three things that, if removed, would collapse the thesis — the evidence, mechanism, or consequences that carry the argument. Not the three most interesting facts; the three most necessary ones. Each bullet ≤ 20 words.
4. Cut anything the reader could have guessed. If a point is obvious or generic, it's noise. Every surviving word must earn its place by adding insight.
5. Surface the 1 open question. Name the sharpest thing the source leaves unresolved — a gap, an untested assumption, a "but what about..." This is the part that tells the reader where their own thinking should go next.
6. Pressure-test signal density. Reread your output: could any sentence be deleted without loss? Could any be sharper? Maximize insight per word; the whole thing should fit on a phone screen.

What good looks like

• The thesis is a sharp, falsifiable-sounding claim — someone could disagree with it.
• The three bullets are the argument's load-bearing beams, not trivia.
• Nothing is padding; every line would hurt to remove.
• The open question is genuinely unresolved and points somewhere useful.
• A reader who never opens the source still walks away meaningfully smarter.

Anti-patterns

• Summarizing structure ("First the author discusses X, then Y") instead of extracting the argument.
• A thesis that's a topic, not a claim ("explores the future of AI").
• Five vague bullets that hedge instead of three sharp ones that commit.
• Repeating the source's own marketing language uncritically.
• Padding to seem thorough — length is the enemy here.

Example (short, vivid)

Source: a 6,000-word report on why most corporate AI pilots fail.

Core thesis: Most AI pilots fail not because the models are weak but because companies bolt them onto broken workflows nobody redesigned. Key points:

• Pilots optimize a demo, not a daily job — adoption dies on contact with real work.
• The bottleneck is process and data ownership, not model accuracy.
• Teams that redesigned the workflow first saw 3x sustained usage. Open question: Is the winning factor the redesign itself, or just having an executive owner forced to care?