Explain Diff (HTML)

Produce a self-contained HTML file that explains a code change — a diff, a branch, or a PR — with the clarity and flow of Martin Kleppmann. The reader should come away with genuine understanding, not just a summary.

Output Format

Write a single self-contained HTML file (no external dependencies) to /tmp/ with a filename starting with today's date: /tmp/YYYY-MM-DD-explanation-<slug>.html.

The file must include embedded CSS and JavaScript for interactive features. No external stylesheets or scripts.

Required Sections

The HTML page is one long page with a table of contents at the top.

1. Background

Two parts:

Deep background (skippable). Explain the existing system broadly. Assume a capable engineer who may not know this particular codebase. Context from surrounding modules, the problem domain, and relevant history.

Narrow background. Focus on the specific area the change touches. What was the state of the code before this diff? What pain points or limitations existed?

2. Intuition

The core idea of the change, explained with concrete examples and toy data. Use HTML-based diagrams throughout — never ASCII art.

Good diagram types:

• Simplified UI mockups (use HTML/CSS elements)
• System / data-flow diagrams showing how data moves between components
• Before/after comparisons (use a two-column grid)
• Annotated code snippets that highlight what changes

Use callout boxes for key concepts, definitions, and important edge cases. Mark them visually distinct from the main text.

3. Code Walkthrough

Group changes in a logical order (not file-by-file or line-by-line). For each group:

• What was the problem / motivation
• What the new code does
• How it connects to the rest of the change

Use <pre> tags for code blocks. Every <pre> element must have white-space: pre-wrap or white-space: pre in its CSS — scan the output to confirm this before saving.

4. Quiz

Five interactive multiple-choice questions that test genuine understanding of the diff. Each question:

• Has 4 options (A/B/C/D)
• Shows correct/incorrect feedback on click (use JavaScript)
• Includes an explanation of the correct answer
• Is tough enough that you need to understand the substance to answer, but not a gotcha

Styling Rules

• Responsive design — works on phone and desktop
• Light + dark theme support via prefers-color-scheme
• Use system font stack: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif
• Callout boxes for definitions, edge cases, and "why this matters"
• Smooth scroll between sections
• Table of contents with anchor links
• Use white-space: pre-wrap on all <pre> code blocks (verify before saving)
• No emoji

Tone

Write in classic style — as if you are showing the reader something they can see for themselves. Be direct, concrete, and confident. Use the flow and clarity of Martin Kleppmann: start with what the reader already knows, bridge to what's new, and make each step feel inevitable.

Workflow

1. Explore the diff/branch/PR thoroughly — git diff, git log, surrounding files, related tests
2. Understand the motivation — what bug or feature drove this?
3. Plan the explanation — what background is needed? What's the core intuition? How to group the code changes?
4. Draft the HTML in one shot — all four sections, with real content
5. Scan for code blocks and confirm white-space is set on every <pre>
6. Open the file in browser to verify it renders correctly and all JavaScript works
7. Tell the user the file path

Red Flags

• No ASCII diagrams — always use HTML/CSS
• No external dependencies — everything in one file
• Don't describe every line of the diff — group by concept
• Don't skip the quiz — it's the most important section for verifying understanding
• Don't use emoji in the output HTML