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Skill37k starsChanged 8 months agoMITView on GitHub

向选定的进程发送信号冻结进程 skill命令 用于向选定的进程发送信号,冻结进程。这个命令初学者并不常用,深入之后牵涉到系统服务优化之后可能会用到。 如果您发现了一个占用大量CPU和内存的进程,但又不想停止它,该怎么办?考虑下面的top命令输出: 既然您确认进程16514占用了大量内存,您就可以使用skill命令“冻结”它,而不是停止它。 现在,CPU 从 0% 空闲变为 94% 空闲。该进程被有效冻结。过一段时间之后,您可能希望唤醒该进程: 如果希望暂时冻结进程以便为完成更重要的进程腾出空间,该方法非常有用。 此命令用途很广。如果您要停止 "oracle" 用户的所有进程,只需要一个命令即可实现: 可以使用用户、PID、命令或终端 id 作为参数。以下命令可停止所有 rman 命令。 如您所见,skill 决定您输入的参数(进程 ID、用户 ID 或命令)并进行相应操作。这可能会导致在某些情况下出现这样的问题:您可能具有同名的用户和命令。最好的示例是 "oracle" 进程,通常由用户 "oracle" 运行。因此,当您希望停止名为 "oracle" 的进程时,可执行以下命令: 用户 "oracle" 的所有进程都停止,包括您可能要使用的会话。要非常明确地执行命令,您可以选择使用一个新参数指定参数的类型。要停止一个名为 oracle 的命令,可执行以下命令: snice命令的功能与skill类似。但它用于降低进程的优先级,而不是停止进程。首先,检查 top 输出: 现在,将 "oracle" 进程的优先级降低四个点。注意,该值越高,优先级越低。 注意,NI 列(nice 值)现在是 4,优先级现在设置为 20,而不是 15。这对于降低优先级非常有帮助。

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skill.md

skill

向选定的进程发送信号冻结进程

补充说明

skill命令 用于向选定的进程发送信号,冻结进程。这个命令初学者并不常用,深入之后牵涉到系统服务优化之后可能会用到。

语法

skill(选项)

选项

-f:快速模式;
-i:交互模式,每一步操作都需要确认;
-v:冗余模式;
-w:激活模式;
-V:显示版本号;
-t:指定开启进程的终端号;
-u:指定开启进程的用户;
-p:指定进程的id号;
-c:指定开启进程的指令名称。

实例

如果您发现了一个占用大量CPU和内存的进程,但又不想停止它,该怎么办?考虑下面的top命令输出:

top -c -p 16514
23:00:44  up 12 days,  2:04,  4 users,  load average: 0.47, 0.35, 0.31
1 processes: 1 sleeping, 0 running, 0 zombie, 0 stopped
CPU states:  cpu    user    nice  system    irq  softirq  iowait    idle
           total    0.0%    0.6%    8.7%   2.2%     0.0%   88.3%    0.0%
Mem:  1026912k av, 1010476k used,   16436k free,       0k shrd,   52128k buff
                    766724k actv,  143128k in_d,   14264k in_c
Swap: 2041192k av,   83160k used, 1958032k free                  799432k cached

  PID USER     PRI  NI  SIZE  RSS SHARE stat %CPU %MEM   time CPU command
16514 oracle    19   4 28796  26M 20252 D N   7.0  2.5   0:03   0 oraclePRODB2...

既然您确认进程16514占用了大量内存,您就可以使用skill命令“冻结”它,而不是停止它。

skill -STOP 1

之后,检查top输出:

23:01:11  up 12 days,  2:05,  4 users,  load average: 1.20, 0.54, 0.38
1 processes: 0 sleeping, 0 running, 0 zombie, 1 stopped
CPU states:  cpu    user    nice  system    irq  softirq  iowait    idle
           total    2.3%    0.0%    0.3%   0.0%     0.0%    2.3%   94.8%
Mem:  1026912k av, 1008756k used,   18156k free,       0k shrd,    3976k buff
                    770024k actv,  143496k in_d,   12876k in_c
Swap: 2041192k av,   83152k used, 1958040k free                  851200k cached

  PID USER     PRI  NI  SIZE  RSS SHARE STAT %CPU %MEM   TIME CPU COMMAND
16514 oracle    19   4 28796  26M 20252 T N   0.0  2.5   0:04   0 oraclePRODB2...

现在,CPU 从 0% 空闲变为 94% 空闲。该进程被有效冻结。过一段时间之后,您可能希望唤醒该进程:

skill -CONT 16514

如果希望暂时冻结进程以便为完成更重要的进程腾出空间,该方法非常有用。

此命令用途很广。如果您要停止 "oracle" 用户的所有进程,只需要一个命令即可实现:

skill -STOP oracle

可以使用用户、PID、命令或终端 id 作为参数。以下命令可停止所有 rman 命令。

skill -STOP rman

如您所见,skill 决定您输入的参数(进程 ID、用户 ID 或命令)并进行相应操作。这可能会导致在某些情况下出现这样的问题:您可能具有同名的用户和命令。最好的示例是 "oracle" 进程,通常由用户 "oracle" 运行。因此,当您希望停止名为 "oracle" 的进程时,可执行以下命令:

skill -STOP oracle

用户 "oracle" 的所有进程都停止,包括您可能要使用的会话。要非常明确地执行命令,您可以选择使用一个新参数指定参数的类型。要停止一个名为 oracle 的命令,可执行以下命令:

skill -STOP -c oracle

snice命令的功能与skill类似。但它用于降低进程的优先级,而不是停止进程。首先,检查 top 输出:

  PID USER     PRI  NI  SIZE  RSS SHARE STAT %CPU %MEM   TIME CPU COMMAND
    3 root      15   0     0    0     0 RW    0.0  0.0   0:00   0 kapmd
13680 oracle    15   0 11336  10M  8820 T     0.0  1.0   0:00   0 oracle
13683 oracle    15   0  9972 9608  7788 T     0.0  0.9   0:00   0 oracle
13686 oracle    15   0  9860 9496  7676 T     0.0  0.9   0:00   0 oracle
13689 oracle    15   0 10004 9640  7820 T     0.0  0.9   0:00   0 oracle
13695 oracle    15   0  9984 9620  7800 T     0.0  0.9   0:00   0 oracle
13698 oracle    15   0 10064 9700  7884 T     0.0  0.9   0:00   0 oracle
13701 oracle    15   0 22204  21M 16940 T     0.0  2.1   0:00   0 oracle

现在,将 "oracle" 进程的优先级降低四个点。注意,该值越高,优先级越低。

snice +4 -u oracle
  PID USER     PRI  NI  SIZE  RSS SHARE STAT %CPU %MEM   TIME CPU COMMAND
16894 oracle    20   4 38904  32M 26248 D N   5.5  3.2   0:01   0 oracle

注意,NI 列(nice 值)现在是 4,优先级现在设置为 20,而不是 15。这对于降低优先级非常有帮助。

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