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typescript-best-practices

Skill2 starsChanged 8 months agoMITView on GitHub

Use when TypeScript needs focused type-safety, API, or error-handling guidance.

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SKILL.md

TypeScript best practices

Apply the type-system-discipline principle skill first.

RuleSummary
Discriminated unionsModel variants with a kind literal discriminant so impossible states can't be represented. No optional-field bags.
Branded typesBrand primitives with & { readonly __brand: "X" } so they can't be mixed up. Validate once at the boundary.
Constructive modelingBuild the shape so the illegal value can't be constructed. [T, ...T[]] for non-empty, [T, T][] for even length, start plus duration for a range. Not a runtime guard, not a wish for refinement types.
Simplest total typeKeep T[] while every operation on it stays total. Strengthen to NonEmpty<T> only where the loose type forces !, a cast, or a "should never happen" throw.
unknown over anyExternal data is unknown.
Schemas before guardsBefore hand-writing a property-by-property type guard, use the repository's runtime schema library and infer the type from the schema, such as z.infer.
No as castsEvery as is a runtime crash waiting. Cast only after validation.
Narrowing hierarchyDiscriminant switch > in operator > typeof/instanceof > user-defined type guard > as.
Type guardsMust verify the claim. A lying guard is worse than as because the bug hides behind a name that says it's safe. Name them isX or hasX.
ExhaustivenessInline const _exhaustive: never = x; in default arms so the compiler errors when a new variant is added.
satisfies over asValidates the value without widening literal types.
Boundary validationParse where data crosses in, into a named domain type. Record<string, unknown> (however spelled) stops at that parse. Trust types inside. See the boundary-discipline principle skill.
Schema-derived typesReach for Pick/Omit/Parameters/ReturnType/Awaited/typeof before declaring a new interface.
Object argsPass objects, not positional, so argument order is self-documenting. Skip on hot paths (per-frame render, tokenizers, parsers).
Real testsDon't mock what you can run. Prefer the framework's real test primitives with leak/disposable checks, and verify UI in a running build. Mock only what you can't run locally.
Structured telemetryPrefer structured logger diagnostics with enough context to debug from an id. No console.log in shipped code.

Examples: references/patterns.md.

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