Kubernetes Network Troubleshooting

Diagnose network connectivity issues within and outside a Kubernetes cluster. Covers pod-to-pod, pod-to-service, ingress, egress, network policies, and Istio service mesh.

Keywords

network, connectivity, connection refused, timeout, unreachable, curl, wget, pod-to-pod, pod-to-service, service mesh, istio, envoy, sidecar, mTLS, network policy, ingress, egress, ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, CNI, kube-proxy, iptables, calico, cilium, VirtualService, DestinationRule, Gateway

When to Use This Skill

• Pods cannot reach other pods or services (connection refused / timeout)
• Connection timeouts between services that were previously working
• Ingress controller is not routing external traffic to services
• Egress to external APIs or the internet is blocked
• Intermittent connectivity failures between services
• Istio sidecar injection issues or mTLS failures
• Traffic routing behaves differently than VirtualService rules specify
• Services are reachable by ClusterIP but not by name (check DNS first)
• NodePort or LoadBalancer services are not externally accessible

When NOT to Use

• DNS resolution failures (pods can't resolve names) → use k8s-dns-troubleshooting
• Pod crashes, scheduling failures, or OOMKills → use k8s-namespace-troubleshooting
• TLS certificate issuance or renewal failures → use cert-manager-troubleshooting

Note: If connections fail with "could not resolve host", the problem is DNS, not network. Start with k8s-dns-troubleshooting. If DNS resolves but the connection still fails, return here.

Related Skills

• k8s-dns-troubleshooting - DNS resolution and CoreDNS issues
• k8s-namespace-troubleshooting - General namespace diagnosis
• k8s-platform-operations - Cluster-wide health checks
• k8s-security-hardening - Network policies and security controls
• Shared: Network Policies

Quick Reference

Quick Network Health Check

Run this checklist first. Complete all checks before drawing conclusions.

Step 1: Pod-to-Pod (Same Namespace)

# Find two running pods in the same namespace
kubectl get pods -n ${NS} --field-selector=status.phase=Running -o wide

# Get the IP of the target pod
TARGET_IP=$(kubectl get pod ${TARGET_POD} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.status.podIP}')

# Test connectivity from source pod to target pod IP
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${SOURCE_POD} -- wget -qO- --timeout=5 http://${TARGET_IP}:${PORT} 2>&1

Step 2: Pod-to-Service (Same Namespace)

# Verify the service exists and has a ClusterIP
kubectl get svc ${SVC} -n ${NS}

# Verify endpoints are populated
kubectl get endpoints ${SVC} -n ${NS}

# Test connectivity via service name
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${POD} -- wget -qO- --timeout=5 http://${SVC}:${SVC_PORT} 2>&1

Step 3: Pod-to-Service (Cross Namespace)

# Test connectivity to a service in a different namespace
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${POD} -- wget -qO- --timeout=5 http://${SVC}.${TARGET_NS}.svc.cluster.local:${SVC_PORT} 2>&1

Step 4: Pod-to-External

Requires internet access from the cluster. Substitute any reachable external endpoint in air-gapped or restricted environments.

# Test internet connectivity
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${POD} -- wget -qO- --timeout=5 http://httpbin.org/get 2>&1 | head -5

# Test specific external endpoint
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${POD} -- wget -qO- --timeout=5 https://${EXTERNAL_HOST} 2>&1 | head -3

Step 5: Network Policies

# Check for network policies in the namespace
kubectl get networkpolicies -n ${NS}

# Check for policies that restrict egress or ingress
kubectl get networkpolicies -n ${NS} -o json | \
  jq -r '.items[] | "\(.metadata.name)\tTypes: \(.spec.policyTypes // ["Ingress"] | join(", "))"'

Step 6: Istio Sidecar (If Applicable)

# Check if the pod has an istio-proxy sidecar container
kubectl get pod ${POD} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.spec.containers[*].name}' | tr ' ' '\n' | grep istio-proxy

# Check if the namespace has sidecar injection enabled
kubectl get namespace ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.metadata.labels.istio-injection}'

Health Summary Template

Present results using this format:

## Network Health Summary

| Check | Status | Detail |
|-------|--------|--------|
| Pod-to-pod (same NS) | PASS/FAIL/SKIP | Connected / Timeout / Refused / Not tested |
| Pod-to-service (same NS) | PASS/FAIL/SKIP | Endpoints: X, Response: OK / Timeout / Refused |
| Pod-to-service (cross NS) | PASS/FAIL/SKIP | Connected / Blocked / Not tested |
| Pod-to-external | PASS/FAIL/SKIP | Connected / Timeout / Blocked |
| Network policies | NONE/PRESENT | X policies found (Y with egress rules) |
| Istio sidecar injected | YES/NO/N/A | istio-proxy present / absent / Istio not installed |

**Overall: HEALTHY / DEGRADED / UNHEALTHY**

• HEALTHY — All connectivity checks pass
• DEGRADED — Some paths work, others fail (targeted issue)
• UNHEALTHY — Broad connectivity failure

Diagnostic Workflow

Use this decision tree after the health check identifies failures.

Connection failing?
├─ Same namespace pod-to-pod fails?
│   ├─ Both pods on same node → CNI issue (Section 7)
│   ├─ Pods on different nodes → CNI cross-node or overlay issue (Section 7)
│   └─ Network policy blocking → Ingress policy on target (Section 5)
├─ Service connection fails but pod IP works?
│   ├─ Endpoints empty → No ready pods backing the service (Section 2)
│   ├─ Port mismatch → Service port vs targetPort vs containerPort (Section 2)
│   ├─ kube-proxy not running → No iptables/IPVS rules for ClusterIP (Section 7)
│   └─ Istio routing override → VirtualService or DestinationRule (Section 6)
├─ Cross-namespace fails but same-namespace works?
│   ├─ Network policy restricting cross-NS traffic → Egress or ingress rules (Section 5)
│   ├─ Istio mTLS mode mismatch → STRICT on one side, no sidecar on other (Section 6)
│   └─ DNS issue → Resolve ${SVC}.${NS}.svc.cluster.local (→ k8s-dns-troubleshooting)
├─ External/egress fails?
│   ├─ All pods affected → Cluster-wide egress blocked (Section 3)
│   ├─ Only some pods → Egress network policy (Section 5)
│   ├─ Istio sidecar blocking → Outbound traffic policy (Section 6)
│   └─ NAT/SNAT issue → Node cannot route to internet (Section 3)
├─ Ingress fails?
│   ├─ Ingress controller not running → Controller pods down (Section 4)
│   ├─ Ingress resource misconfigured → Backend service or path (Section 4)
│   ├─ TLS termination failing → Certificate or secret issue (Section 4)
│   └─ Istio Gateway misconfigured → Gateway or VirtualService (Section 6)
└─ Intermittent failures?
    ├─ Some requests succeed → Load balancing to unhealthy pod (Section 2)
    ├─ Timeouts then recovery → Conntrack table full or CNI flap (Section 7)
    └─ Istio circuit breaking → DestinationRule outlier detection (Section 6)

Section 1: Pod-to-Pod Connectivity

Direct pod-to-pod communication uses pod IPs, bypassing services and kube-proxy.

Verifying Pod IPs and Placement

# Get pod IPs and node placement
kubectl get pods -n ${NS} -o wide

# Confirm pods have IPs assigned (no IP = CNI problem)
kubectl get pod ${POD} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.status.podIP}'

# Check if pods are on the same or different nodes
kubectl get pod ${SOURCE_POD} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.spec.nodeName}'
kubectl get pod ${TARGET_POD} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.spec.nodeName}'

Testing Pod-to-Pod

# Direct connectivity test using pod IP
TARGET_IP=$(kubectl get pod ${TARGET_POD} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.status.podIP}')
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${SOURCE_POD} -- wget -qO- --timeout=5 http://${TARGET_IP}:${PORT} 2>&1

# If wget is unavailable, test with /dev/tcp (bash-based images)
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${SOURCE_POD} -- bash -c "echo > /dev/tcp/${TARGET_IP}/${PORT} && echo OPEN || echo CLOSED" 2>&1

# Check if the target pod is listening on the expected port
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${TARGET_POD} -- sh -c 'netstat -tlnp 2>/dev/null || ss -tlnp 2>/dev/null' | head -20

Same Node vs Cross Node

# If same-node pod-to-pod fails: CNI plugin local routing is broken
# If cross-node works: unlikely to be CNI, check network policy on target

# If cross-node pod-to-pod fails: overlay network issue
# Check CNI pods are running on both nodes (use the label for the installed CNI)
kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=calico-node -o wide --field-selector spec.nodeName=${NODE1} 2>/dev/null
kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=cilium -o wide --field-selector spec.nodeName=${NODE1} 2>/dev/null

Interpreting Failures

Section 2: Pod-to-Service Connectivity

Services route traffic through ClusterIP (kube-proxy rules) to pod endpoints.

Checking Service Configuration

# Service details: ClusterIP, ports, selector
kubectl describe svc ${SVC} -n ${NS}

# Verify selector matches pod labels
SVC_SELECTOR=$(kubectl get svc ${SVC} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.spec.selector}')
echo "Service selector: ${SVC_SELECTOR}"
kubectl get pods -n ${NS} -l "${LABEL_KEY}=${LABEL_VALUE}" -o wide

# Port mapping — the three ports that must align
kubectl get svc ${SVC} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{range .spec.ports[*]}port:{.port} targetPort:{.targetPort} protocol:{.protocol}{"\n"}{end}'

The Three-Port Model

Client → Service:port → Pod:targetPort → Container listens on containerPort

- service.spec.ports[].port      = port clients connect to
- service.spec.ports[].targetPort = port on the pod (defaults to .port if omitted)
- container.ports[].containerPort = port the app listens on (must match targetPort)

A mismatch between targetPort and the actual port the container listens on is a common cause of "connection refused" after DNS resolves.

Checking Endpoints

# Endpoints show which pod IPs back the service
kubectl get endpoints ${SVC} -n ${NS}

# Detailed endpoint view
kubectl get endpoints ${SVC} -n ${NS} -o yaml

# If using EndpointSlices (Kubernetes 1.21+)
kubectl get endpointslices -n ${NS} -l kubernetes.io/service-name=${SVC}

Empty Endpoints Causes

Service Types

# ClusterIP (default) — internal only
kubectl get svc ${SVC} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.spec.type}'

# NodePort — verify port allocation
kubectl get svc ${SVC} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{range .spec.ports[*]}nodePort:{.nodePort}{"\n"}{end}'

# LoadBalancer — check external IP assignment
kubectl get svc ${SVC} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}'

# If LoadBalancer shows <pending>, the cloud controller hasn't provisioned the LB
kubectl describe svc ${SVC} -n ${NS} | grep -A5 Events

Testing Service Connectivity

# Via service name (tests DNS + kube-proxy + pod)
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${POD} -- wget -qO- --timeout=5 http://${SVC}:${SVC_PORT} 2>&1

# Via ClusterIP directly (bypasses DNS, tests kube-proxy + pod)
CLUSTER_IP=$(kubectl get svc ${SVC} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.spec.clusterIP}')
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${POD} -- wget -qO- --timeout=5 http://${CLUSTER_IP}:${SVC_PORT} 2>&1

# If service works by ClusterIP but not by name → DNS problem
# If service works by pod IP but not by ClusterIP → kube-proxy problem
# If neither works → pod/network problem

Section 3: Egress / External Connectivity

Pods reaching endpoints outside the cluster.

Testing External Connectivity

These examples use httpbin.org as a public test endpoint. Substitute any reachable external host in air-gapped or restricted environments.

# Test general internet access
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${POD} -- wget -qO- --timeout=5 http://httpbin.org/get 2>&1 | head -5

# Test specific external API
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${POD} -- wget -qO- --timeout=5 https://${EXTERNAL_HOST}${PATH} 2>&1 | head -5

# If wget/curl unavailable, test TCP connectivity
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${POD} -- sh -c "echo | nc -w5 ${EXTERNAL_HOST} ${PORT}" 2>&1

Common Egress Failures

NAT and SNAT

# Pods typically use the node's IP for outbound traffic (SNAT)
# Verify the node has internet access

# Check if a pod sees the expected source IP
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${POD} -- wget -qO- --timeout=5 http://httpbin.org/ip 2>&1

# If pods use an egress gateway (Istio or CNI-specific), check its health
kubectl get pods -n istio-system -l istio=egressgateway 2>/dev/null

Proxy Configuration

# Check if pods expect a proxy
kubectl exec -n ${NS} ${POD} -- sh -c 'echo "HTTP_PROXY=$HTTP_PROXY HTTPS_PROXY=$HTTPS_PROXY NO_PROXY=$NO_PROXY"'

# Check if cluster-internal traffic is excluded from proxy
# NO_PROXY should include: .svc,.svc.cluster.local,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16

Section 4: Ingress Connectivity

External traffic reaching services through an ingress controller.

Ingress Controller Health

# Find the ingress controller pods (common labels)
kubectl get pods -A -l app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx -o wide
kubectl get pods -A -l app=istio-ingressgateway -o wide
kubectl get pods -A -l app.kubernetes.io/name=traefik -o wide

# Check controller service (must have an external IP or be NodePort)
kubectl get svc -A | grep -E 'ingress|gateway'

# Controller logs
kubectl logs -n ${INGRESS_NS} -l app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx --tail=100

Ingress Resource Configuration

# List all ingress resources
kubectl get ingress -A

# Describe a specific ingress
kubectl describe ingress ${INGRESS_NAME} -n ${NS}

# Check the backend service references
kubectl get ingress ${INGRESS_NAME} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{range .spec.rules[*]}{.host}{"\t"}{range .http.paths[*]}{.path}\t{.backend.service.name}:{.backend.service.port.number}{"\n"}{end}{end}'

Common Ingress Failures

TLS Termination

# Verify the TLS secret exists and has data
kubectl get secret ${TLS_SECRET} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.data}' | jq 'keys'

# Check ingress TLS configuration
kubectl get ingress ${INGRESS_NAME} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.spec.tls}'

Section 5: Network Policies

Network policies control traffic flow between pods and to/from external endpoints. Policies are enforced by the CNI plugin.

Listing and Inspecting Policies

# All policies in a namespace
kubectl get networkpolicies -n ${NS}

# Policy details
kubectl describe networkpolicy ${POLICY_NAME} -n ${NS}

# Summary of all policies: name, pod selector, and policy types
kubectl get networkpolicies -n ${NS} -o json | \
  jq -r '.items[] | "\(.metadata.name)\tSelector: \(.spec.podSelector.matchLabels // "all")\tTypes: \(.spec.policyTypes // ["Ingress"] | join(", "))"'

How Network Policies Work

• No policies = all traffic allowed (default allow)
• Any policy selecting a pod = all traffic of that type (ingress/egress) is denied by default, except what the policy explicitly allows
• Multiple policies are additive (union of allowed traffic)
• Policies are namespace-scoped

Identifying Blocking Policies

# Find policies that affect a specific pod
POD_LABELS=$(kubectl get pod ${POD} -n ${NS} -o json | jq -r '.metadata.labels | to_entries[] | "\(.key)=\(.value)"' | tr '\n' ',')
echo "Pod labels: ${POD_LABELS}"

# Check each policy's podSelector to see if it matches
kubectl get networkpolicies -n ${NS} -o json | \
  jq -r '.items[] | "\(.metadata.name): \(.spec.podSelector)"'

# Check for egress restrictions (blocks outbound traffic)
kubectl get networkpolicies -n ${NS} -o json | \
  jq -r '.items[] | select(.spec.policyTypes[]? == "Egress") | "\(.metadata.name): egress rules: \(.spec.egress // "DENY ALL")"'

Common Policy Issues

Verifying CNI Supports Network Policies

# Not all CNIs enforce policies — Flannel does not, Calico and Cilium do
# Check which CNI is installed
kubectl get pods -A | grep -E 'calico|cilium|weave|flannel|canal'

# If flannel: network policies exist but are NOT enforced
# If calico/cilium: policies are enforced

Section 6: Istio Service Mesh

Istio adds a sidecar proxy (Envoy) to each pod, intercepting all traffic. This enables mTLS, traffic routing, and observability — but adds failure modes.

Sidecar Injection Status

# Check if the pod has an istio-proxy container
kubectl get pod ${POD} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.spec.containers[*].name}' | tr ' ' '\n'
# Look for "istio-proxy" in the output

# Check if the namespace has automatic injection enabled
kubectl get namespace ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.metadata.labels.istio-injection}'
# Should return "enabled" if auto-injection is on

# Check for per-pod injection annotation
kubectl get pod ${POD} -n ${NS} -o jsonpath='{.metadata.annotations.sidecar\.istio\.io/inject}'

# List all pods missing sidecars in an injection-enabled namespace
kubectl get pods -n ${NS} -o json | \
  jq -r '.items[] | select(.spec.containers[].name != "istio-proxy") | .metadata.name' | sort -u

mTLS Mode (PeerAuthentication)

# Check mesh-wide mTLS policy
kubectl get peerauthentication -A

# Check namespace-level mTLS policy
kubectl get peerauthentication -n ${NS}

# Describe the policy to see the mode
kubectl describe peerauthentication ${POLICY_NAME} -n ${NS}

Common mTLS failures:

• Pod without sidecar → service with STRICT mTLS = connection reset
• Service with sidecar → service without sidecar but STRICT on source = outbound failure
• Mixed mode across namespaces with strict policies = cross-namespace failures

# Quick check: does the destination pod have a sidecar?
kubectl get pod ${DEST_POD} -n ${DEST_NS} -o jsonpath='{.spec.containers[*].name}' | grep istio-proxy

# If STRICT mode and destination has no sidecar, that's the problem

VirtualService and DestinationRule

# List VirtualServices in the namespace
kubectl get virtualservice -n ${NS}

# Describe a VirtualService — check hosts, routes, match rules
kubectl describe virtualservice ${VS_NAME} -n ${NS}

# List DestinationRules
kubectl get destinationrule -n ${NS}

# Check for traffic policies (circuit breaking, load balancing, mTLS settings)
kubectl describe destinationrule ${DR_NAME} -n ${NS}

Common misconfigurations:

Envoy Proxy Logs and Configuration

# View istio-proxy (Envoy) logs for a pod
kubectl logs ${POD} -n ${NS} -c istio-proxy --tail=100

# Filter for errors and connection failures
kubectl logs ${POD} -n ${NS} -c istio-proxy --tail=500 | grep -iE 'error|refused|timeout|reset|UH|UF|UC|NR'

# Envoy response flags in access logs:
# UH = no healthy upstream (no endpoints)
# UF = upstream connection failure
# UC = upstream connection termination
# NR = no route configured
# RL = rate limited
# DC = downstream connection termination

# Dump Envoy configuration (large output — filter as needed)
kubectl exec ${POD} -n ${NS} -c istio-proxy -- pilot-agent request GET /config_dump 2>/dev/null | head -100

# Check Envoy clusters (upstream endpoints as Envoy sees them)
kubectl exec ${POD} -n ${NS} -c istio-proxy -- pilot-agent request GET /clusters 2>/dev/null | grep "${TARGET_SVC}" | head -20

# Check Envoy listeners
kubectl exec ${POD} -n ${NS} -c istio-proxy -- pilot-agent request GET /listeners 2>/dev/null | head -50

Istio Proxy Sync Status

# Check if istiod is running
kubectl get pods -n istio-system -l app=istiod

# Verify proxy config is synced (equivalent to istioctl proxy-status)
# Check istiod logs for push errors
kubectl logs -n istio-system -l app=istiod --tail=200 | grep -iE 'error|push|timeout|reject'

# Check proxy connection to istiod from a sidecar
kubectl exec ${POD} -n ${NS} -c istio-proxy -- pilot-agent request GET /ready 2>&1

Gateway Configuration (Istio Ingress)

# List Istio Gateways
kubectl get gateway -A

# Describe the gateway
kubectl describe gateway ${GW_NAME} -n ${NS}

# Check the istio-ingressgateway pods
kubectl get pods -n istio-system -l istio=ingressgateway -o wide

# Check the ingressgateway service (external IP)
kubectl get svc istio-ingressgateway -n istio-system

# Verify VirtualService is bound to the gateway
kubectl get virtualservice -n ${NS} -o json | \
  jq -r '.items[] | "\(.metadata.name): gateways: \(.spec.gateways // "none")"'

Common Istio Connectivity Patterns

Section 7: CNI and kube-proxy

The CNI plugin manages pod networking (IP allocation, routing). kube-proxy manages Service ClusterIP routing via iptables or IPVS rules.

CNI Health

# Identify the CNI plugin
kubectl get pods -A | grep -E 'calico-node|cilium|weave-net|flannel|canal|kube-router'

# Check CNI pod status
kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=calico-node -o wide 2>/dev/null
kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=cilium -o wide 2>/dev/null

# CNI pod logs (pick the relevant one)
kubectl logs -n kube-system -l k8s-app=calico-node --tail=100 2>/dev/null | grep -iE 'error|fail|warn'
kubectl logs -n kube-system -l k8s-app=cilium --tail=100 2>/dev/null | grep -iE 'error|fail|warn'

# Check node status — NotReady often indicates CNI failure
kubectl get nodes -o wide

kube-proxy

# kube-proxy pod status
kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-proxy -o wide

# kube-proxy mode (iptables or IPVS)
kubectl get configmap kube-proxy -n kube-system -o jsonpath='{.data.config\.conf}' | grep mode

# kube-proxy logs
kubectl logs -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-proxy --tail=100 | grep -iE 'error|fail|warn'

iptables Service Rules

These commands require direct node access (SSH or a node-shell pod). They cannot be run via kubectl exec into application pods.

# Check if iptables rules exist for a service ClusterIP
iptables-save | grep ${CLUSTER_IP}

# Count KUBE-SERVICES rules (should have one per service port)
iptables-save | grep KUBE-SERVICES | wc -l

# Check conntrack table size (full table causes connection drops)
cat /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_count
cat /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_max

CNI and kube-proxy Issues

Common Mistakes

MCP Tools Available

When the appropriate MCP servers are connected, prefer these over raw kubectl where available:

• mcp__flux-operator-mcp__get_kubernetes_resources - Query services, endpoints, pods, ingress, network policies, and Istio resources
• mcp__flux-operator-mcp__get_kubernetes_logs - Retrieve logs from application pods, istio-proxy sidecars, CNI pods, and kube-proxy
• mcp__flux-operator-mcp__get_kubernetes_metrics - Check resource consumption for CNI and kube-proxy pods

Behavioural Guidelines

1. Confirm DNS works first — Before diagnosing network issues, verify DNS resolution is healthy. If pods can't resolve names, start with k8s-dns-troubleshooting.
2. Run the health check first — Complete the Quick Network Health Check before deep-diving. Present the summary so the user sees the overall picture.
3. Never deploy test workloads — Use kubectl exec into existing running pods. If no pods have network tools, use indirect methods (logs, endpoint checks, pod describe).
4. Work from layer 3 up — Verify pod IPs assigned → pod-to-pod works → service endpoints populated → service routing works → ingress configured → mesh rules correct.
5. Distinguish service failure from network failure — If endpoints are empty, the problem is the application (not ready) or label mismatch, not the network.
6. Check network policies early — Missing DNS egress rules and overly restrictive ingress rules are among the most common connectivity issues.
7. Check Istio only after basics pass — If pod-to-pod and service fundamentals are broken, Istio is not the cause. Diagnose the mesh layer only when non-mesh connectivity works.
8. Never expose secrets — List Secret names and ConfigMap keys. Never decode or print secret values.
9. Collect logs before restarting — Envoy, kube-proxy, and CNI logs are ephemeral. Capture them before any restart.
10. Report what you find, not what to change — This skill is diagnostic. Present findings and let the user decide on remediation.