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dhslegendhslegen/digital-delivery-team/skills/api-contract-first/SKILL.md

api-contract-first

Skill1 starsChanged 7 months agoMITView on GitHub

Knowledge pack for designing and evolving OpenAPI 3.0 contracts that enable frontend/backend parallel development. Auto-loaded by architect-agent;由 /build-api / /build-web main thread 在实现阶段流式加载(M6.4 起替代 backend/frontend-agent 黑盒派发)。

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SKILL.md

API Contract First

Triggers

  • architect-agent 启动 / /design 命令(写契约)
  • /build-api / /build-web main thread 加载 backend-development / frontend-development skill 时只读链入(契约消费方,M6.4 起 main thread 直接执行而非 subagent)

Core Principles

  1. 契约先于代码:没有 lint 通过的 OpenAPI,不允许动 web/ 或 server/
  2. 契约是唯一真相源:UI 文案、错误提示、日志格式以外的所有接口约定必须出自契约
  3. 契约变更 = 事件:每次契约变更在 docs/arch.md 的 ADR 章节追加一条,说明原因、影响面、兼容策略

Design Rules

URL 结构(DDT 标准)

# 资源名:名词、复数、小写、kebab-case
GET    /api/v1/users
POST   /api/v1/users
GET    /api/v1/users/:id
PUT    /api/v1/users/:id
PATCH  /api/v1/users/:id
DELETE /api/v1/users/:id

# 子资源(所有权关系)
GET    /api/v1/users/:id/orders

# 动作(谨慎使用,限非 CRUD)
POST   /api/v1/orders/:id/cancel

字段约束

  • 所有字段含 type / required / description / example
  • 所有错误响应用枚举(error.code)+ 人类可读 message,避免只有数字码
  • 分页统一:page + pageSize + total,或游标 cursor + nextCursor 二选一,全局一致
  • 幂等操作必须声明 Idempotency-Key header
  • 所有时间字段 ISO-8601 UTC

HTTP 状态码(强制)

200 OK                    — GET/PUT/PATCH 有响应体
201 Created               — POST 成功(含 Location header)
204 No Content            — DELETE/PUT 无响应体
400 Bad Request           — 格式错误、缺少必填字段
401 Unauthorized          — 未认证
403 Forbidden             — 已认证但无权限
404 Not Found             — 资源不存在
409 Conflict              — 重复创建、状态冲突
422 Unprocessable Entity  — 语义非法(格式合法但业务无效)
429 Too Many Requests     — 限流(含 Retry-After header)
500 Internal Server Error — 不暴露内部细节

分页(二选一,全局保持一致)

  • Offset(小数据集 < 10K / 管理后台):?page=2&pageSize=20
  • Cursor(大数据集 / 无限滚动):?cursor=<opaque>&limit=20,响应含 nextCursor

版本化策略(ADR)

1. URL Path 版本(推荐):/api/v1/ → /api/v2/
2. 不破坏性变更不需要新版本:
   - 新增可选字段、新增端点、新增可选查询参数
3. 破坏性变更必须新版本:
   - 删改字段名/类型、改 URL 结构、改认证方式
4. 废弃策略:宣告(6 个月) → Sunset header → 410 Gone

Do

  • 用 npx @redocly/cli lint 跑 schema lint,lint 必须通过后才能进入实现阶段
  • 用 openapi-typescript 或等价工具生成前端 types
  • 用 openapi-generator 或等价工具生成后端路由骨架
  • 每个 endpoint 含完整的 request / response / error 示例(见 templates/api-contract.template.yaml)

Don't

  • 不在代码里偷偷加字段再"回头补契约"(即"代码先于契约")
  • 不把 UI 状态字段放进 API 契约(那是前端 state,不属于接口定义)
  • 不把内部实现细节(SQL 列名、内部枚举值)泄露到 API
  • 不使用 200 返回所有场景("200 for everything" 反模式)

ADR 格式(契约变更必须附此记录)

### ADR-NNN: <决策标题>
- **日期**:YYYY-MM-DD
- **状态**:提议 / 接受 / 废弃
- **背景**:为什么要做此变更
- **方案 A**:... | **方案 B**:...
- **Trade-off 表**:| 维度 | A | B |
- **决策**:选 X,原因 Y
- **影响面**:前端 / 后端 / 测试 / 文档
- **兼容策略**:向前兼容 / 版本递升 / 废弃通知

Templates & References

  • templates/api-contract.template.yaml(含 ErrorCode enum 示例)
  • bin/aggregate.mjs(事件数据结构参考,与契约字段保持一致)

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