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Kaalia0912Kaalia0912/dsh-data-analysis-mode/skills/database-connect/SKILL.md

database-connect

Skill2 starsChanged 3 months agoMITView on GitHub

通过 SQLAlchemy 连接 MySQL / PostgreSQL 数据库并安全查询(原创技能,MIT):连接串构造、凭据管理、read_sql 读取、只读规范。当任务需要连数据库取数、查询线上库或导出表时加载。Connect to MySQL or PostgreSQL through SQLAlchemy safely — connection strings, credential handling, read_sql and a read-only discipline. Load when a task needs to query a database or export a table.

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SKILL.md

database-connect — 数据库连接与查询

本技能定义通过 SQLAlchemy 连接 MySQL / PostgreSQL 的标准姿势,强调安全与可复现。

依赖

python -m pip install sqlalchemy pymysql psycopg2-binary

连接串

from sqlalchemy import create_engine

# MySQL
engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://user:pass@host:3306/dbname?charset=utf8mb4")

# PostgreSQL
engine = create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@host:5432/dbname")

凭据纪律(必须遵守):

  • 不把密码硬编码进脚本/代码;从环境变量读:os.environ["DB_PASSWORD"]
  • 不在对话中回显密码;日志/报告里绝不出现连接串明文
  • 建议使用只读账号;确需写入时先向用户确认

安全查询

import os, pandas as pd
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, text

engine = create_engine(
    f"mysql+pymysql://{os.environ['DB_USER']}:{os.environ['DB_PASSWORD']}@{os.environ['DB_HOST']}/dbname"
)

# 只读事务(推荐)
with engine.connect() as conn:
    df = pd.read_sql("SELECT * FROM orders LIMIT 100", conn)

# 参数化查询(禁止字符串拼接 SQL)
with engine.connect() as conn:
    df = pd.read_sql(text("SELECT * FROM orders WHERE region = :r LIMIT 50"), conn, params={"r": "华东"})

规范

  • 先探查后取数:SHOW TABLES / SELECT COUNT(*) / DESCRIBE 确认结构与规模,再决定全量或抽样
  • 大表:先 LIMIT 验证,再按需取列(SELECT 需要的列,不要 SELECT *)
  • 索引意识:WHERE 条件若慢,提示用户确认表索引;不在连接技能里做危险操作
  • 编码:MySQL 连接带 charset=utf8mb4,避免中文乱码
  • 时区:数据库时间默认 UTC 时注意 datetime 转换;读回后统一 pd.to_datetime

交付

  • 查询脚本可复现:连接参数来自环境变量,查询语句与日期范围写明
  • 结果给出口径说明(取数时间、过滤条件、表版本)
  • 用完关闭连接(engine.dispose() 或 with 块自动释放)

检查清单

  • 凭据来自环境变量,无明文密码
  • SQL 参数化,无拼接注入风险
  • 先探查后取数,大表有 LIMIT/列裁剪
  • 结果附口径说明(取数时间、条件、表)

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